Pharynx

Question 1

Talk about it

Answer 1

(7)
- fibromusclar tube
- from base of skull
- to lower border of C6 ( cricoid cartilage )
- anterior : larynx
Posterior : vertebral column till c 6
- has anterior deficent wall except larynx part
- 4 layers
• outer buccopharyngeal fascia
• muscle coat ( 3,3)
• pharyngeobasilar fascia
• innermost layer mucosa
- 3 parts
• naso
• oro
• laryngeo

Question 2

Talk anout nasopharnyx

Answer 2

(6)
- ends at pharyngeal isthmus bounded by soft palate
- base of it is soft palate
- at the wall there is opening for auditory tube connected to middle ear
- tubal elevation surronding this opening
- salpinhopharyngeal folds from tubal elevation to wall of pharnyx
- at the roof there is pharyngeal tonsills ( adenoid )

Question 3

Talk about oropharynx

Answer 3

(2)
- anterior : mouth
Posterior : c2-3

• palatine tonsils on both sides in tonsillar fossa that is surrounded by platoglossal fold ( up)
  And palatopharyngeal fold ( down)

Question 4

Talk about laryngeopharynx

Answer 4

(4)
- anterior : laryngeal inlet
Posterior : c4-6

• consists of
  Post cricoid region
  Piriform fossa
• pharnx surrounds back of larynx
  and sides ( piriform fossa that is silent area)
• hippopharynx

Question 5

Talk about circular muscles

Answer 5

(3)
- external
- sphincters
- overlapping on eachother ( from downward to upward)

Question 6

Origin
Insertion Of circular muscles

Answer 6

Superior : pterygomandibularcligament
( from phryngeal tubercle to post part of mylohyoid line in medial surface of mandible )

Middle : stylohyoid ligament , hyoid bone

Inferior : • oblique line in thyroid cartilage ( thyropharyngeas part)
• cricoid cartilage ( cricopharyngeas part ) sphincter

They all insert to median pharyngeal raphe

Question 7

Talk about median pharyngeal raphe

Answer 7

• the right 3 muscles insert with the left one
  Forming this raphe
• extends from pharyngeal tubercle till cricoid cartilage

Question 8

Talk about 3 gaps between circular muscles

Answer 8

1- between superior and base of skull
2- between superior and middle
3- between middle and inferior

Contain important structures

Question 9

Talk about longitudinal muscles( origin, insertion , action )

Answer 9

• internal

•Origin

• stylopharyngeas : from styloid process
• platopharyngeas : soft palate ( apneurosis)
• salpingopharyngeas : cartilgenus part of auditory tube

•Insertion
-They all insert to back of thyroid cartilage

• action
- elevation of pharynx , larynx during swallowing undercovering of epiglottis ( closure of superior laryngeal orifice )

Question 10

Blood supply
Innervation

Answer 10

• Blood supply : all from eca
- ascending pharyngeal ( major)
- luingal
- maxillary
- facial giving tonsillar branch

•Motor inervation
All muscles ( circular , longitudinal) are innervated by vagus through pharyngeal branch ( pharyngeal plexus )

except stylopharyngeas ( from 3 rd arch ) supplied by 9 th cranial nerve

• sensory innervation
Nasopharynx : maxillary nerve ( sphinopalatine ganglia )

Oropharynx : 9 th ( post 1/3 ) , 10 th ( the most posterior)

Laryngeopharynx : 10 th

Question 11

Talk about Pharyngeal plexus

Answer 11

Motor root ~> vagus
- supplies all muscles of pharnyx except stylopharyngeas
- supplies all muscles of plate except
Tensor palati ( nerve to medial pterygoid)

Sensory root ~> glossopharyngeal
- supplies mucus membrane of oropharynx

Sympathetic root ~> superior cervical ganglia
- supplies blood vessels

Question 12

Talk about waldeyer’s ring

Answer 12

(3)
- collection of lymphoid tissue
- surrounds the opening of oral , nasal opening
- Adenoid ( roof of naso)
Tubal tonsil Tubal tonsil
( around opening
Of tube)
Palatine tonsil
( on both sides of oro)

               Lingual tonsil  ( dorsal surface of post 1/3)

Question 13

Talk about Otitis media

Answer 13

-Nasopharynx in infants are short , wide and straight so milk enters it easily causing otitis media ( breast feeding must be 45 degree to avoid recrunce of otitis )

-Nasopharynx in adults are long , narrow and oblique