Palate

Question 1

Describe the palate ?

Answer 1

• division between oral , nasal cavity
• 2 parts
  • hard palate : bone covered with mucus membrane
  • soft palate: muscle covered with mucus membrane

Question 2

Talk about the hard

Answer 2

(5)
1- 4/5 of palate
2- consists of
* rt , lt palatine process of maxilla which insert giving median palatine suture
* horizontal plate of palatine bones
3- contains
- median palatine suture
- palatine rugae
- incisive canal and fossa ( greater palatine , nasopalatine nerves pass in it to nose )
- greater palatine foramen ( greater palatine nerve , vessels )
- lesser palatine foramen ( lesser palatine nerve , vessels )

4- its posterior free border is covered by masticatory fascia and attached to structures of soft palate

5- blood supply , innervation:
Greater , lesser palatine A,V,N

Question 3

Talk about soft palate

Answer 3

(4)
1- the most posterior 1/5 of palate
2- Mobile Musclar flab hanging from post part of the hard , when contacted it closes pharyngeal isthmus closing nasopharynx

3- continous with the hard by palatine apneurosis
4- palatine apneurosis is fibromusclar sheath covered by mucus membrane attached to hard palate

Question 4

Muscles of soft palate

Answer 4

1- 5 ( rt , lt)
2- 2 attach to apnurosis superiorly
3- 2 attach to apneurosis inferiorly

Question 5

• tensor vali palati
• levator vali palati

Origin
Insertion
N
Action

Answer 5

Tensor
1- scaphoid fossa of sphenoid bone , cartilegneus part of eustacian tube

2- palatine apneurosis superiorly

3- nerve to medial pterygoid
4 • tense the soft palate ( help it elevate)
• opens the eustachian tube

Levator
1- apex of petrous part of temporal bone
2- palatine apneurosis superiorly
3- vagus ( pharyngeal plexus )
4- elevation of soft palate

Question 6

Palatopharyngeas
Palatoglossus
Musculus uvalar

Origin
Insertion
N
Action

Answer 6

Palatopharngeas

1- soft palate ( apneurosis ) inferiorly
2- post surface of thyroid cartilage
3- vagus ( pharyngeal plexus)
4- elevation of pharnyx , latynx during swalling undercovering of epiglottis ( closure )

Palatiglossus
1- palatine apneurosis inferiorly
2- dorsum of tongue
3- vagus ( pharyngeal plexus)
4- elevation of tongue opposite the hard contracting the soft closing pharyngeal isthmus ( nasopharynx)

Musculas uvalae
1- back of posterior basal spine
2- mucus membrane of uvalae
3- vagus ( pharyngeal plexus)

Question 7

Blood supply of soft
Lymphatics

Answer 7

Arterial

1- ascending pharyngeal ~> palatine branch
2- maxillary ~> desending palatine ~> greater palatine
3- facial ~> ascending palatine
( هو زي ال pharynx blood supply بس ناقص lingual )

Venous
- tributaries following arteries then draint to pterygoid venous plexus

Lymphatic s
DEEP CERVICAL NODES

Question 8

Innervation of soft palate

Answer 8

Motor : vagus ( pharyngeal plexus) carried on cranial root if acessory nerve except tensor plati

Sensory : glosspharyngeal
Vagus
Trigemenal ~> maxillary ~> lesser palatine

Question 9

Function of soft palate

Answer 9

1- closure of pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing
2- help in mastication by directing the bolus to pharynx
3- modifiy the quality of voice by varying the degree of closure of pharyngeal isthmus

4- during cough ~> prevention entry of sputum in nose by direting it to oral cavity

Question 10

Talk about gag reflex

Answer 10

(5)
1- protective reflex
2- due stimulation of mucus membrane
3- by glossopharyngeal , vagus nerves
4- used to examine the CNS
5- loss of gag reflex ~> aspiration of vomiting