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SS: ENT > Salivary gland Disorders > Flashcards

Salivary gland Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 main salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

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2
Q

Structures close to the parotid

A

Facial Nerve
Terminal branches of external carotid artery
Greater Auricular Nerve

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3
Q

Terminal Branches of External Carotid Artery (Seven Angry Ladies Fighting Over PMS)

A 
Superior Thyroid 
Ascending Pharyngeal 
Lingual 
Facial 
Occipital 
Posterior Auricular 
Maxillary 
Superficial Temporal
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4
Q

Branches of the Facial nerve (Two Zebras Bit My Coccyx)

A

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the Parotid Gland

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN9

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6
Q

Stenten’s Duct

A

Aka Parotid duct, by the 2nd upper molar

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7
Q

Nerve supply to the Submandibular gland

A

Marginal Mandibular branch, Lingual nerve and Hypoglossal nerve

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8
Q

Arterial supply to the submandibular gland

A

Facial artery and lingual artery

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9
Q

Wharton’s duct

A

aka Submandibular gland, found floor of mouth

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10
Q

Acute Sialothiasis

A

When a calcified mass forms within a salivary gland usually the submandibular gland.

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of Acute Sialothiasis

A

Pain, swelling of the gland, erythema, pus, bad breath, cervical lymphadenitis, palpable hard lump, lack of saliva

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12
Q

Risk factors for Sialotiasis

A

Elderly, defufration, trauma, major surgery, radiotherapy, immunosuppressed, on chemo, Sjorogen syndrome, S. aureus infection

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13
Q

Causes of Sialothiasis

A

abnormalities in calcium metabolism dehydration, reduced salivary flow rate, altered acidity of saliva caused by oropharyngeal infections, and altered solubility of crystalloids

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14
Q

Treatment of Sialothiasis

A

Rehydration- IV and PO fluids
IV Abx
Warm compress/massage
Sialogogues/ citrus juics
Oral irrigations
Shock wave therapy (Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)
Intraoral Sialolithotomy Intraductal sialolithotomy with sialendoscopy

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15
Q

Sjoren’s Syndrome

A

Autoimmune disease, dry eyes (zeropthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia), accompanies Rheumatoid arthritis and Lupus, polyarteritis nodosa

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16
Q

Risk factors for Sjogren

A

women, over 40, rheumatic disease

17
Q

Signs for Sjogren

A

salivary gland hypertrophy

Positive test for anti-Ro and anti-La serologies

18
Q

What can Sjogren progress to

A

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and rarely Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia

19
Q

Complications of Sjogren

A

Dental Cavities, Yeast infections, vision problems

20
Q

Incidence of Salivary gland tumour

A

80% in parotid
80% benign
80% pleomorphic adenoma

21
Q

Benign tumours of salivary gland

A 
Pleomorphic adenoma (benign-mixed tumours)
Warthins tumour (adenomlymphoma)

Benign tumours do not usually cause facial palsy. Malignancy should be top differential.

22
Q

Malignant tumours of salivary glands

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma

23
Q

Investigating Salivary gland tumours

A

Fine needle aspiration (FNA), Core biopsy, USS or MRI

24
Q

Other causes of enlarged glands

A

Sialothiasis, mumps, HIV, Granulomatous disease, autoimmune disease

25
Q

Treatment for Salivary gland tumours

A

Parotidectomy

26
Q

Complications of Salivary gland tumours

A

Pain, bleeding infection, facial weakness, numbness to ear lobe, Frey’s syndrome

27
Q

Frey’s Syndrome

A

Damage to or near the parotid gland causing redness and sweating on cheek near gland in response to gustatory stimuli e.g. just thinking about food

28
Q

TNM Staging

A

T: Tumour (1-4)
N: Nodal spread (1-3)
M: Presence of metastasis (0 or 1)

29
Q

Stages of Cancer

A 
0 - Carcinoma in situ
1 - Localised Cancer
2 - Local Invasion
3 - Spread to nodes
4 - Extensive invasion or mets
30
Q

Red flags for Head and Neck problems for more than 3 weeks

A 
Sore throat
Hoarseness
Stridor
Dysphagia
Lump in neck 
Unilateral otalgia
31
Q

Red flags for Head and neck problems

A 
Red or white patch in mouth
Oral ulceration, swelling or loose tooth
Lateral neck mass
Rapidly growing thyroid mass
New Cranial Nerve palsy
Orbital mass
Unilateral ear effusion

SS: ENT (8 decks)

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