Epistaxis

Question 1

Epistazein

Answer 1

‘to bleed’

Question 2

Local causes of Epistasis

Answer 2

Trauma, mucosal irritation, anatomic abnormalities, tumours, local vascular congestion

Question 3

Systemic causes of Epistasis

Answer 3

Bleeding disorders, medications, neoplasms, inflammatory disorders, HPT

Question 4

History for Epistaxis

Answer 4

Onset, frequency, duration, triggers, controlling the bleed, trauma, nose picking, previous nasal surgery,, HPT, clotting disorders, aspirin, clopidogrel, facial pain, deep otalgia

Question 5

History for Epistaxis in young males

Answer 5

Consider juvenila nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, nasal obstruction, headache, rhinorrhea and anosia

Question 6

What to look for when assessing Circulation for Epistaxis

Answer 6

Pulse, BP and capillary refill

Question 7

Ways to stop Epistaxis bleeding

Answer 7

Pressure
Cautery
Nasal pack
Surgery

Question 8

Naseptin

Answer 8

Antibiotic and Disinfectant to prevent nose infections

Question 9

How Nasal packs are used

Answer 9

1. Pinch soft part of the nose and lean forward
2. Avoid hot foods and drinks to prevent vasodilation
3. Place ice packs on nose to prevent vasoconstriction

Question 10

When to refer Epistaxis to ENT

Answer 10

Uncontrolled, posterior or recurrent cases