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Chemistry > SAGS > Flashcards

SAGS Flashcards

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1
Q

a structural isomers

A

compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

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2
Q

an homologous series

A

a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

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3
Q

a functional group

A

an atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule

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4
Q

an unsaturated compound

A

a compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

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5
Q

a saturated compound

A

a compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

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6
Q

a hydrocarbon

A

a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

an electrolyte

A

a substance that can conduct electricity due to the presence of free ions when molten or dissolved in solution

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8
Q

cathode

A

the electrode where reduction takes place

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9
Q

anode

A

the electrode where oxidation takes place

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10
Q

an reducing agent

A

a substance that donates electrons

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11
Q

an oxidising agent

A

a substance that accepts electrons

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12
Q

reduction

A

the gain of electrons

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13
Q

oxidation

A

the loss of electrons

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14
Q

redox reaction

A

a reaction involving the transfer of electrons

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15
Q

standard solution

A

a solution of known concentration

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16
Q

neutralisation

A

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react so that neither is in excess

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17
Q

hydrolysis

A

a reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water

18
Q

salt

A

a substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

19
Q

an amphoteric (or amphiprotic) substance

A

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base

20
Q

a weak base

A

a base that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution

21
Q

a strong base

A

a base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution

22
Q

dissociation

A

the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

23
Q

a weak acid

A

an acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution

24
Q

ionisation

A

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

25
Q

a strong acid

A

an acid that ionises almost completely in an aqueous solution

26
Q

a base

A

a proton acceptor

27
Q

a acid

A

a proton donor

28
Q

Le Châtelier’s principle

A

When an external stress (change in pressure, temperature or concentration) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress.

29
Q

An open system

A

One in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and its surroundings.

30
Q

A closed system

A

One in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy can enter or leave the system freely.

31
Q

catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of the reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.

32
Q

reaction rate

A

The change in amount or concentration per unit time of either a reactant or product.

33
Q

activated complex

A

A high energy, unstable transition state between the reactants and the products.

34
Q

activation energy

A

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction OR the energy required to form the activated complex.

35
Q

endothermic reactions

A

Reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy.

36
Q

exothermic reactions

A

Reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy.

37
Q

heat of reaction (H)

A

The net change of chemical potential energy of the system.

38
Q

electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

39
Q

molar concentration

A

The amount of solute per unit volume of solution

40
Q

molar mass

A

The mass in grams of one mole of that substance.

Chemistry (12 decks)

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