acids and bases Flashcards
Arrhenius theory:
An acid is a substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions.
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions.
Brønsted-Lowry theory:
An acid is a proton (H+) donor.
A base is a proton (H+) acceptor.
Strong acids:
An acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution.
Strong base:
A base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution.
Weak acids:
An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.
Weak base:
A base that only dissociates/ionises partially in an aqueous solution.
A concentrated acid:
A large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of water.
A dilute acid:
A small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of water.
Salt:
A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation.
Neutralisation:
The point where an acid and base have reacted so neither is in excess. Also called the equivalence point.
Indicators:
A substance that changes colour depending on the pH of a solution.
Solution:
A homogenous mixture of solute and solvent.
A standard solution:
A standard solution has a known concentration and it will remain constant for a while.
Amphoteric / Amphiprotic substance:
A substance that can act as either an acid or a base.
pH:
A number that indicates the degree of the acidity of a solution.
Ionisation:
The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.
Dissociation:
The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions.
The measure of ionisation of an acid:
Is a measure of the strength of an acid.
The measure of dissociation of a base:
Is a measure of the strength of a base.
Hydrolysis of a salt:
A reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water.
