Sagittal Plane GAIT Flashcards
In the sagittal plane on initial contact the thigh is in _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and is positioned for stability and forward progression.
20; flexion
The external moment of the hip on initial contact is (flexion/extension) and that is because the GRF is (anterior/posterior) to the hip joint and the muscle activity will be from the hip (flexors/extensors) because they will be keeping you upright.
flexion; anterior; extensors
On initial contact, the type of contraction that is occurring at the hip is most likely an (eccentric/isometric) contraction of the hip (flexors/extensors) to stabilize your weight against this external moment.
isometric; extensors
In the sagittal plane during loading response the thigh maintains _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and maintains stability and avoids trunk flexion.
20; flexion
The external moment of the hip during the loading response is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the hip (flexors/extensors).
flexion; extensors
If I went from 30 degrees of hip flexion to 20 degrees of hip flexion that would be a (concentric/eccentric) contraction because the muscle length of the hip extensors would be (shortening/lengthening).
concentric; shortening
In the sagittal plane during mid stance the thigh extends to _ degrees and its’ function is forward progression of the passenger unit.
0
The external moment of the hip during midstance goes from (flexion/extension) to slight (flexion/extension) and that is because the GRF is now (anterior/posterior) to the hip joint and the muscle activity will come from the hip (flexors/extensors).
flexion; extension; posterior; extensors
In the sagittal plane during terminal stance the thigh (flexes/extends) to _ degrees and its’ function is forward progression to increase step length.
extends; 20
The external moment of the hip during terminal stance is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the hip (flexors/extensors).
extension; flexors
In terminal stance you want the (stance/swing) leg to stay on the ground for as long as possible, so the (stance/swing) leg can take as big as a step as possible to really walk efficiently.
stance; swing
In terminal stance the hip is moving into (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity is from the hip (flexors/extensors) because the hip flexors act to not let you go into further (flexion/extension) and it is slowing you down so that you can now go forward again.
extension; flexors; extension
In the sagittal plane during pre-swing the thigh is in _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is to advance the limb.
10; extension
The external moment of the hip during pre-swing is (flexion/extension) that is (increasing/decreasing) and the muscle activity will come from the hip (flexors/extensors) that are working (concentrically/eccentrically).
extension; decreasing; flexors; concentrically
In the sagittal plane during initial swing the thigh is in _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is forward progression.
15; flexion
The external moment of the hip during initial swing is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come sometimes from the hip (flexors/extensors) and sometimes none.
flexion; flexors
The external moment of the hip during initial swing is to (flexion/extension) even though there is no GRF and this is because if I get into a good rhythm with walking, my hip flexion is from (momentum/COP), it is from me harnessing all of my bodies movements and I don’t need to use all of my hip flexors to walk. Remember, proper walking is the least amount of energy used, it is the way you want to walk.
flexion; momentum
In the sagittal plane during mid swing the thigh is in _ degrees of hip (flexion/extension) and its’ function is forward progression and foot clearance.
25; flexion
The external moment of the hip during mid swing is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the hip (flexors/extensors) because all of the momentum has run out and now the hip flexors have to kick in to progress you forward.
flexion; flexors
In the sagittal plane during terminal swing the thigh is in _ degrees of hip (flexion/extension) and its’ function is to position the leg for initial contact.
20; flexion
The external moment of the hip during terminal swing is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the hip (flexors/extensors) because they will be trying to slow the leg down and it is preparing for the second you put your heel on the ground for initial contact. As we know, in initial contact you need the hip (flexors/extensors) to turn on.
flexion; extensors; extensors
In the sagittal plane during initial contact the knee is in _-_degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is stability.
0-5; flexion
The external moment of the knee during initial contact is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from both the knee (flexors and extensors/abductors and adductors). When you flex your knee and you land, you will have a flexion moment. So the knee extensors will be engaged to avoid the (flexion/extension) torque. Your hip extensors are also knee flexors, so if my hip extensors aid in hip extension, they are going to be turned on at the hip. You can’t just turn on one part of the hip and keep the other part off so that is how things link together. Think of the co contractions between the hamstrings and quads during squats, same thing applies here.
flexion; flexors and extensors; flexion
In the sagittal plane during loading response the knee is in _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is stability and shock absorption.
20; flexion
The external moment of the knee during loading response is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the knee (flexors/extensors) because the GRF is (anterior/posterior) to the knee.
flexion; extensors; posterior
In the sagittal plane during mid stance the knee is in - degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is stability
0-5; flexion
The external moment of the knee during mid stance is (flexion/extension) to (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the knee (flexors/extensors).
flexion to extension; extensors
If someone has a weak quad and I start to move my body forward, the COM will be (anterior/posterior) to my knee and my knee (flexors/extensors) will be controlling my knee extension as I go from a flexed knee to an extended knee. If they don’t have great control, what ends up happening is the person will get what is called an extension thrust and they will go backwards. The knee will snap back into hyper extension
anterior; extensors
In the sagittal plane during terminal stance the knee is in full )(flexion/extension) and its’ function is stability and to increase the step length.
extension
The external moment of the knee during terminal stance is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will mostly be (passive/active) and come from the _____ and ______.
extension; passive; gastrocnemius and popliteus
If I had a knee flexion contracture the (mid/terminal) stance would mostly be affected because we have to get into full (flexion/extension) for proper terminal stance. If you can’t get your knee fully straight, I will never get the leg back far enough in the (mid/terminal) stance.
terminal; extension; terminal
In the sagittal plane during pre-swing the knee is in _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is to prepare for swing.
40; flexion
The external moment of the knee during pre-swing is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from (minor/major) knee flexors and knee extensors
flexion; minor
In the sagittal plane during initial swing the knee is in _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is foot clearance.
60; flexion
The external moment of the knee during initial swing is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the knee (flexors/extensors).
flexion; flexors
During initial swing your external moment continues to be knee (flexion/extension) because of (muscle activity/momentum). So the momentum is pulling your thigh forward and it keeps your knee bending into (flexion/extension). It is not muscle activity or GRF, it is due to momentum.
flexion; momentum; flexion
In the sagittal plane during mid swing the knee goes from _ degrees of (flexion/extension) to _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is limb advancement.
60; 30; flexion; flexion
The external moment of the knee during mid swing is (flexion/extension) due to (GRF/momentum) and the muscle activity will come from the minimal knee (flexors/extensors) because the foot is not on the ground yet.
extension; momentum; extensors
In the sagittal plane during terminal swing the knee goes from _ degrees of (flexion/extension) to _ degrees of (flexion/extension) and its’ function is limb advancement and prepare for stance.
30; flexion; 5; flexion
The external moment of the knee during terminal swing is (flexion/extension) and the muscle activity will come from the knee (flexors and knee extensors/adductors and abductors).
flexion; flexors and extensors
In the sagittal plane during initial contact, the position of the ankle is in (neutral/plantar flexion) and its’ function is to begin the heel rocker and impact (acceleration/deceleration). So in this phase as you are falling forward and the initial contact reacting with the ground is (speeding me up/slowing me down).
neutral; deceleration; slowing me down
The external moment of the ankle during initial contact is (plantar/dorsi) flexion and the muscle activity will come from the ankle (plantarflexors/dorsiflexors). The foot is in neutral in this phase and wants to (plantar/dorsi) flex, thereby the ankle activity will be from the ankle (plantarflexors/dorsiflexors) trying to resist that fall.
plantar; dorsiflexors; plantar; dorsiflexors
If you had a peripheral nerve injury or even a lumbar root issue, you can have a drop foot or foot slap occur with weakness of the (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors) because the (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors) aren’t able to slowly and eccentrically (dorsiflex/plantarflex) the foot. They lose control and there is a loud slap.
dorsiflexors; dorsiflexors; plantarflex
The ankle dorsiflexors are (active/not active) during the swing phase to work to clear your toes from the ground, but they are the most active during (initial swing/initial contact) because they are supporting the body weight in this phase.
active; initial contact
When you heel walk your weight is being supported by the ankle (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors) and the force is pulling your foot down on the ground.
dorsiflexors
In the sagittal plane during loading response, the position of the ankle is in _ degrees of (dorsi/plantar) flexion and its’ function is to initiate progression and realigning the ankle axis.
10; plantar
The external moment of the ankle during loading response is (dorsi/plantar) flexion and the muscle activity will come from the ankle (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors).
plantar; dorsiflexors
In the sagittal plane during mid stance, the position of the ankle goes from _ degrees of ____ flexion to _ degrees of ____ and its’ function is ankle rocker progression, shock absorption, and stability. If I am going from _ degrees of ____ flexion to _ degrees of ______ it is the (heel/ankle) rocker that is working because the tibia has to be advancing on the talus.
5; plantar; 5; dorsiflexion; 5; plantar; 5; dorsiflexion; ankle
In the sagittal plane during mid stance, the shock absorption is coming from the foot in a (pronated/supinated) position.
pronated
The external moment of the ankle during mid stance is (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) and the muscle activity will come from the ankle (dorsi/plantar) flexors. As my tibia advances forward and my COM is now forward in front of my ankle the external moment will be ankle (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) and I will be pulled into ankle (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) and that is why the ankle (dorsi/plantar) flexors are working to resist that fall/movement that is occurring in this phase.
dorsiflexion; plantar; dorsiflexion; dorsiflexion; plantar
In the sagittal plane during terminal stance, the position of the ankle is in _ degrees of (dorsi/plantar) flexion and the heel lifts at this point. The function in this stance is forefoot rocker progression that is aided by extension of the (MTP/Flexor hallucis longus).
10; dorsi; MTP
In the sagittal plane during GAIT, the terminal stance is the phase where will you have the most amount of ankle (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion).
dorsiflexion
The external moment of the ankle during terminal stance is (dorsi/plantar) flexion and the muscle activity will come from the ankle (dorsi/plantar) flexors and what other muscle?
dorsi; plantar and flexor hallucis longus
If I went from 5 degrees of plantar flexion to 5 degrees of dorsiflexion and then to 10 degrees of dorsiflexion during the terminal stance, the plantar flexors would be working (concentrically/eccentrically) because they are getting (shorter/longer) and controlling dorsiflexion.
eccentrically; longer
In the sagittal plane during the terminal stance of the ankle the flexor hallucis longus is now actively contracting as you go into extension to (speed up/slow down) the progression. It turns on because it is a toe (flexor/extensor) (remember in terminal stance the forefoot rocker progression is being aided by EXTENSION of the MTP) and you are moving into extension so this muscle turns on to provide a little support to not go into (flexion/extension) too quickly. So it is working (concentrically/eccentrically).
slow down; flexor; extension; eccentrically
In the sagittal plane during pre-swing, we are kind of going on our toe and the position of the ankle is in _ degrees of (dorsi/plantar) flexion and its’ function is propulsion that begins knee (flexion/extension) and the max extension of the MTP initiates the (ankle/toe) rocker.
25; plantar; flexion; toe
Max extension of the MTP is associated with the (forefoot/toe) rocker in the ____ phase.
toe; pre swing
The external moment of the ankle during pre-swing is (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) and the muscle activity will come from the ankle (dorsi/plantar) flexors that are working (concentrically/eccentrically) and the elastic recoil of the _____ tendon. If I am in plantar flexion and I am pushing off, the muscle group that is helping me the most at the ankle is the ankle (dorsi/plantar) flexors during push off.
dorsiflexion; plantar; concentrically; achilles; plantar
Elastic recoil of the achilles tendon during pre-swing is like the (active/passive) tension that is forming through the gastrocnemius and soleus tendon in that position and is allowing the propulsion to take place. If I am walking it is important for me to keep a good pace in order to harness the (active/passive) tension.
passive; passive
In the sagittal plane during initial swing the position of the ankle is in _ degrees of (dorsi/plantar) flexion and the function is foot clearance.
5; plantar
The external moment of the ankle in initial swing is (dorsi/plantar) flexion and the muscle activity will come from the (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors). You can feel this by standing with your leg up in the air and you will feel how gravity is pulling your foot down into (dorsi / plantar) flexion. And your muscle activity if you are going to clear the toes for lift off has to be (dorsi/plantar) flexion working (concentrically/eccentrically).
plantar; dorsiflexors; plantar; dorsi; concentrically
In the sagittal plane during mid swing the position of the ankle is in (neutral/plantarflexion) and the function is foot clearance.
neutral
The external moment of the ankle in mid swing is (dorsi/plantar) flexion and the muscle activity will come from the (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors).
plantar; dorsiflexors
In the sagittal plane during terminal swing the position of the ankle is in (neutral/plantar flexion) and the function is to prepare for initial contact.
neutral
The external moment of the ankle in terminal swing is (dorsi / plantar) flexion and the muscle activity will come from the (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors).
plantar; dorsiflexors
In the sagittal plane from mid swing to terminal swing the (plantarflexors/dorsiflexors) are working (concentrically/isometrically) because the position of the foot from mid swing to terminal swing stayed in _____.
dorsiflexors; isometrically; neutral
The most important thing clinically to know is that on heel contact and the loading response is that the (dorsiflexors/plantarflexors) are working (concentrically/eccentrically).
dorsiflexors; eccentrically
