Frontal And Transverse Plane GAIT

Question 1

If my left iliac crest is higher/superior, the relative position of hip of the stance leg (right leg) is in (adduction/abduction). If the left iliac crest is lower, the relative position of the hip of the stance leg is in (adduction/abduction).

Answer 1

abduction; adduction

Question 2

On initial contact, the pelvis is going into a drop. At the same time the left hip is going to be (higher/lower) and it is going to continue to drop (higher/ lower) as you go into loading response. This would mean that the right hip is moving into (adduction/abduction) due to the pelvis drop. As you start to progress from loading response to mid swing there has to be superior movement of the pelvis to clear my foot which is associated with hip (adduction/abduction) of the stance leg.

Answer 2

lower; lower; adduction; abduction

Question 3

If the right leg was the stance leg and the left pelvis is higher than neutral, but you are still in single limb support, you would be somewhere between (mid swing through terminal swing/mid stance through terminal stance).

Answer 3

mid stance through terminal stance

Question 4

During initial contact and loading response of the hip in the frontal plane, the position of the hip is in ___ to _ degrees of hip (adduction/abduction) and the function is lateral stabilization because when you load, you go to the side of the (stance/swing) leg due to the shift of COM over the base of support.

Answer 4

neutral to 5 degrees of hip adduction; stance

Question 5

The external moment of the hip during initial contact and loading response in the frontal plane is (minimal/maximal) due to being in (single/double) limb support. In the right leg, from initial contact to the loading response, the minimal moment at the hip would be (adduction/abduction) on the right hip because you are primarily weightbearing on the right side as I move from those two phases. The muscle activity will come from the hip (adductors/abductors) working (concentrically/eccentrically) because the external moment is from neutral to 5 degrees in these two phases so the hip (adductors/abductors) have to turn on to prevent this moment.

Answer 5

minimal; double; adduction; abductors; eccentrically; abductors

Question 6

During mid stance in the frontal plane, the position of the hip goes from _ degrees of hip (adduction/abduction) back towards _____ and the function is to return to neutral.

Answer 6

5 degrees of adduction back towards neutral

Question 7

The external moment of the hip during mid stance in the frontal plane is hip (adduction/abduction) and the muscle activity will be coming from the hip (adductors/abductors) going from an (concentric/eccentric) activation to a (concentric/eccentric) activation. In mid stance, being in (single/double) limb support makes it obvious that the external moment is hip (adduction/abduction).

Answer 7

adduction; abductors; eccentric; concentric; single; adduction

Question 8

During terminal stance in the frontal plane, the position of the hip is beginning to (adduct/abduct) which means that during this phase the left side has to be (elevating/lowering) and the function is to restrain lateral fall towards the swing limb.

Answer 8

abduct; elevating

Question 9

The external moment of the hip during terminal stance in the frontal plane is hip (adduction/abduction) and the muscle activity will be coming from the hip (adductors/abductors) working (concentrically/eccentrically) trying to prevent you from falling to the (stance/swing) leg.

Answer 9

adduction; abductors; concentrically; swing

Question 10

During pre-swing in the frontal plane, the position of the hip is in _ degrees of (adduction/abduction).

Answer 10

7; abduction

Question 11

The external moment of the hip during pre-swing in the frontal plane is hip (adduction/abduction) that is (increasing/decreasing). If I am on my right leg and I am in pre swing, the left leg is in front of you so there is (more/less) of an (adduction/abduction) moment on the right hip as you are shifting your weight to the left foot. The muscle activity will be coming from the hip (adductors/abductors) that are (increasing/decreasing) and they are working (concentrically/eccentrically). Because there is less of a hip adductor moment in this phase, you will be getting (more/less) hip abductor muscle activation on the stance leg. The hip adductors are also turned on and they are working (concentrically/eccentrically).

Answer 11

adduction; decreasing; less; adduction; abductors; decreasing; concentrically; less; abductor; eccentrically

Question 12

During foot strike (initial contact) in the frontal plane for the subtalar joint, you will be (inverted/everted), meaning that the foot is in a (pronated/supinated) position.

Answer 12

inverted; supinated

Question 13

During mid stance in the frontal plane for the subtalar joint, you will get peak (inversion/eversion), meaning that the foot is in a (pronated/supinated) position.

Answer 13

eversion; pronated

Question 14

During toe off in the frontal plane for the subtalar joint, the foot will return to (inversion/eversion), meaning the foot is in a (pronated/supinated) position.

Answer 14

inversion; supination

Question 15

So what is happening in the frontal plane for the subtalar joint is that from initial contact you will start in an (inverted/everted) position and as you start to go through loading response you will slowly start to move towards (inversion/eversion), and then you are going to come back towards (inversion/eversion) as you toe off.

Answer 15

inverted; eversion; inversion

Question 16

In the frontal plane for the subtalar joint, during (inversion/eversion) you are going to absorb shock and unlock the midtarsal joint. When the calcaneus is everted in the closed chain position I am unlocking the midtarsal joint allowing for (pronation/supination) to occur and that goes hand in hand with shock absorption. Think of the loose bag of bones slide when there is (pronation/supination).

Answer 16

eversion; pronation; pronation

Question 17

During (eversion/inversion) in the frontal plane for the subtalar joint, there will be a rigid lever to provide for push off.

Answer 17

inversion

Question 18

In the transverse plane the pelvis does not internally/externally rotate, but instead we refer to this sort of motion as ____ /____ rotations.

Answer 18

anterior/posterior

Question 19

When I am on my right foot and I take a step forward with my left and go into an anterior rotation, the femur and the tibia on the right side will be (internally/externally) rotating.

Answer 19

internally

Question 20

During initial contact and loading response the femur and the tibia is (internally/externally) rotating, meaning that at the subtalar joint there will be (pronation/supination) occurring. As I move from mid stance up until pre swing the femur and the tibia will be (internally/externally) rotating, meaning that at the subtalar joint there will be (pronation/supination) occurring. From initial swing until the completion of GAIT the femur and the tibia will be (internally/externally) rotating, meaning that at the subtalar joint there will be (pronation/supination) occurring.

Answer 20

internally; pronation; externally; supination; internally; pronation

Question 21

There is minimal knee flexion needed during the (stance/swing) phase and “maximal” knee flexion needed during (stance/swing) phase.

Answer 21

stance; swing