Gait Basics Flashcards
When we are talking about a (step/stride), a (step/stride) can be described as my left foot is standing and then my right foot hits the ground.
step; step
A (step/stride) is when the same foot goes through the full gait cycle. So if my left foot is on the ground, the stride is finished when the (right/left) foot is back on the ground.
stride; left
(Cadence/Step length) is the number of steps per minute.
Cadence
(Step length/Step width) is the measure of the heel of one foot to to the heel of the other foot when walking.
Step length
(Step length/Step width) is the lateral distance between the feet. None of us walk on a tight rope. The width between the insteps of both feet after one step is the (step length/step width).
step width; step width
(Ground Reaction Force/Center of Pressure (COP)) is the point of application for ground reaction force
Center of Pressure
If I step and I hit my heel, the COP is on the (toes/heel). It is where the ground is reacting to the foot. As you go through the loading response and I shift onto my foot, the COP now changes. It goes from the heel to more on the middle of my foot, to my toe because that is where the GRF is acting.
heel
Between the person who has a fast gait speed compared to the person that has a slower GAIT speed, the person with a (faster/slower) GAIT speed will be more likely to have balance issues and more likely to be less confident when walking.
slower
Someone with a faster GAIT speed is someone who covers (smaller/larger) distances when they walk.
larger
(Slower/Faster) Gait speeds and (shorter/larger) step lengths can be used as a predictor of potential to fall.
Slower; shorter
Someone with a very short step length is not going to feel confident in the (single/two) leg portion of GAIT so they are going to want to get their foot down as (slow/fast) as possible, so their step length is going to be really small.
single; fast
The GAIT cycle starts from the moment the right leg hits the heel on the ground and this is called _____ contact and it is at _% of the GAIT cycle.
initial; 0
You go from initial contact to (loading response/mid stance) and this is starting to put weight through the foot.
loading response
(Loading response/ Mid stance) is when the body weight is over the foot
Mid stance
The stance phase is (shorter/longer) than the swing phase
longer
The first task of the stance phase is ____.
weight acceptance
The two periods of weight acceptance are _____ and _____ .
initial contact and loading response
The three functions of (weight acceptance/mid swing) - shock absorption, stability of the limb, and preserve forward progression.
weight acceptance
(Shock absorption/Preserve forward progression) – the ability to move forward fluidly through the GAIT cycle and not have constant herky jerky motions that can halter the forward progression.
Preserve forward progression
Initial contact is the beginning of (stance/swing) phase and is it at _% of the GAIT cycle.
stance; 0
Initial contact occurs (before/the instant) the foot hits the ground and you will be in (single/double) support.
the instant; double
(Single/Double) support – when my right heel hits the ground and my left leg is still on the ground
Double
The function of initial contact is to impact (acceleration/deacceleration). Without (acceleration/deacceleration) you will crumble to the ground. My impact is hitting the ground and with the contact from the foot, I’ll have to stop myself from falling, performing initial contact.
deacceleration; deacceleration
Loading response is %-% of the GAIT cycle and you will be in (single/double) support.
0-10; double
Initial contact to opposite toe off - (initial contact/loading response). You are getting initial contact with your right heel and your (right/left) limb is getting ready to toe off is the (initial contact/loading response).
loading response; left; loading response
The three functions of (loading response/mid swing) - shock absorption, stability of the limb, and preserve forward progression
loading response
The second task of the stance phase is (single/double) limb support.
single
Single limb support is when the right heel makes initial contact and the (right/left) foot toes off and the (right/left) foot makes contact again.
left; left
What are the two periods of single limb support?
Mid stance and terminal stance
Functions of (single limb support/mid stance) - support the body weight with the single limb and continue forward progression.
single limb support
Mid stance is %-% of the GAIT cycle and you will be in (single/double) limb support.
10-30%; single
Opposite toe off to heel rise - (loading response/mid stance). In (loading response/mid stance) the left foot is toeing off and the right heel pops up off of the ground and goes into a heel rise
mid stance; mid stance
Functions of (single limb support/mid stance) - stability of the limb and trunk and progression over the supporting foot.
Mid stance
Progression over the supporting foot - The COM is moving (posterior to the foot/over the foot). It was (posterior/over the foot) to it before and now it is over it until that right heel comes off of the ground.
over the foot; posterior
Terminal stance is %-% of the GAIT cycle and you will be in (single/double) limb support.
30-50% ; single
Heel rise to opposite initial contact (mid stance/terminal stance): In (mid/terminal) stance there is a heel rise on the right side and then the (right/left) heel makes initial contact and that will be the end of this stance.
terminal stance; terminal; left
Someone who has a stiff ankle after an ankle sprain would not have a normal heel rise, they will have an (early/late) heel rise (they pick up their ankle before getting it through its’ full ROM) potentially due to limited ankle (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) ROM and this impacts the ____ stance.
early; dorsiflexion; terminal
Functions of (mid stance/terminal stance): Stability of the limb and trunk and progression beyond the supporting foot.
terminal stance
The swing limb advancement for the swing limb is starting (before/after) the stance is complete and it (begins/ends) with the foot contact of the swing leg.
before; ends