Safety Professional's Reference and Study Guide Flashcards
Five Levels of Kirkpatrick’s Training Evaluation Method
- Reaction
- Learning
- Behavior
- Results
- Return on Investment
Occupational Safety and Health Act
(1970) Assure safe and healthful working conditions for working people
General Duty Clause
An employer shall furnish a place of employment which is free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to its employees
Other-than-serious Violation
Violation that has a direct relationship to job safety and health but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm
Serious Violation
A violation where there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result
Willful Violation
A violation that the employer intentionally and knowingly commits or the employer is aware that a hazardous condition exists and makes no reasonable effort to eliminate it
Repeated Violation
A violation of any standard, regulation, rule, or order where, upon reinspection, a substantially similar violation is found and the original citation has become a final order
Failure to Abate Violation
Failure to correct a prior violation
29 CFR 1910.1200
Hazard Communication Standard
To ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are classified and that information concerning the classified hazards is transmitted to employers and employees
29 CFR 1910.1030
Blood-Born Pathogens Standard
Occupational exposures to blood or other potentially infectious materials present in the workplace
Blood-borne pathogens
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and cause disease in humans (i.e., HBV, HIV)
How long should medical records be kept for employees?
Duration of employment plus 30 years
How long should training records be kept for employees?
3 years
29 CFR 1910.147
Control of Hazardous Energy
Covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected energization or start-up of the machines or equipment or the release of stored energy could cause injury to employees
Affected Employee
An employee whose job requires them to operate or use a machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under LOTO, or whose job requires them to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed
Authorized Employee
A person who LOTO machines or equipment in order to perform maintenance or service
Energy-isolating Device
A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy
Hot Tap
A procedure used in the repairs, maintenance, and services activities that involves welding on a piece of equipment under pressure
Lockout
The placement of a lockout device on an energy-isolating device ensuring that the device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed
Lockout Device
A device that utilizes a positive means (lock, key or combination type) to hold an energy-isolation device in a safe position and prevent the energizing of a machine or equipment
Normal Production Operations
The utilization of a machine or equipment to perform its intended production function
Tagout
The placement of a tagout device on an energu-isolating device to indicate that the device and the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed
Tagout Device
A prominent warning device (tag and means of attachment) which can be securely fastened to an energy-isolating device to indicate that the device and the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed
How often should an inspection of the energy control procedure occur?
Annually
29 CFR 1910.146
Confined Space Entry Standard
Requirements for practices and procedures to protect employees in general industry from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined spaces
Acceptable Entry Conditions
Conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space
Attendant
An individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant’s duties assign in the employers program
Authorized Entrant
An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space
Confined Space
A space that is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and performed assigned work, has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous occupancy
Engulfment
The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquefied or finely divided solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction or crushing
Entry Permit
The written or printed document that is provided by the employer to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information required in the standard
Entry Supervisor
The person responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required in the standard
Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness
Immediate Danger to Life and Health (IDLH)
Any condition that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health effects or that would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape unaided from a permit space
Isolation
The process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space
Oxygen-Deficient Atmosphere
An atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen by volume
Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere
An atmosphere containing more than 23.5% oxygen by volume
Permit-Required Confined Space
A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:
1. Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant
3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section
4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard
29 CFR 1910.132
Personal Protective Equipment
29 CFR 1910.134
Respiratory Protection Standard
To control those occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapros
Air Purifying Respirator
A respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removed specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element
Atmosphere-supplying Respirator
A respiratory that supplies the user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere and includes supplied-air respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus units
Assigned Protection Factor
The protection factor assigned to the respirator type
Fit Test
The use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual
Powered air-purifying respirator
an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering
Qualitative Fit Test
A pass/fail test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individuals’ response to the test agent
Quantitative Fit TEst
An assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
An atmosphere-supplying respirator used for which the breathing source is designed to be carried by the user
Supplied-air Respirator
Airline Respirator. An atmosphere supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user
How often should employees be trained on a respiratory protection program?
Annually or when a new process or procedure is implemented
29 CFR 1926.500-503 Subpart M
Fall Protection Standard
Requirements and criteria for fall protection in construction work areas
Anchorage
A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards, or deceleration devices. Must be rated to 5,000 lb per person
Body Harness
Straps that may be secured about the employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system
Connector
A device that is used to couple parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together
Controlled Access Zone
An area in which certain work may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems and access to the zone is controlled
Deceleration Device
Any mechanism that serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during a fall arrest
Deceleration Device
The additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate
Free Fall
The act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall
Guardrail System
A barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels
Lanyard
A flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap that generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage
Leading Edge
The edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface that changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed. Considered to be an “unprotected side and edge” during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction
Lifeline
A component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline) and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage
Personal Fall Arrest System
A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. Consists of an anchorage, connectors, and body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these
Walking/Working Surface
Any surface, whether horizontal or vertical, on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork, and concrete reinforcing steel, but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their duties
Participative Leadership
Encourages leaders to listen to their employees and involve them in the decision-making process. Encourages collaboration through accountability
Transformational Leadership
Emphasizes change and transformation. Strive to inspire their followers to achieve more. Can be highly effective in organizations looking to make significant change or transformations
Delegative Leadership
Focuses on delegating initiative to team members. One of the least intrusive forms of leadership, very hands-off style. Allow employees to utilize their creativity, resources, and experience to help them meet their goals. Can be successful if team members are competent and take responsibility for their work.
Authoritative Leadership
Emphasizes a “follow me” approach (similar to a mentor). Motivate and inspire those around them. Provide overall direction and provide their teams with guidance, feedback, and motivation. Promotes a sense of accomplishment or achievement
Transactional Leadership
Relies on rewards and punishments. Emphasizes structure, assuming individuals may not possess the motivation needed to complete their tasks. Sets clear team goals or tasks, and clarifies how their teams will be rewarded (or punished) for their work
Servant Leadership
Puts the needs of others first. Emphasizes creating strong relationship with those around you and focuses on enabling them to reach their full potential.
Awareness Barrier
Serves as a reminder to a person that they are approaching the danger area
Machine Guard Requirements
- Must be secured to the machine
- Prevent worker from making contact with dangerous moving parts
- Protect from falling objects
- Create no new hazards
- Create no interference
- Allow safe lubrication
When is training on machine safeguards required?
For new operators and maintenance or setup personnel, when any new or altered safeguards are put in service, or when workers are assigned to a new machine or operation
Three causal factors of an incident (William C. Pope)
Error, defect, oversight
Crime Prevention Through Design
A crime prevention theory focusing on tactical design and the effective use of the built environment, which when applied, reduces both crime and the fear of crime
Flammable Liquids Storage Cabinet Requirements
- Meet construction requirements of NFPA 30
- Constructed to limit the internal temp at the center of the cabinet and 1 inch from the top to 325 degrees F, when subjected to a 10-minute fire test
Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage Room Requirements
- Must comply with NFPA 251
- Must have a gravity or mechanical exhaust ventilation system to allow for air changes 6 times per hour
- Room should not be more than 500 sq ft
- Containers with more than 30 gallon capacity cannot be stacked one upon the other
- Maintain one clear aisle of three feet
- Interior walls and ceiling should have a 3-hour fire resistance
Phases of the Aggression Continuum
- Trigger Phase
- Escalation Phase
- Crisis Phase
Trigger Phase
The experience of stress and anxiety by an individual
Escalation Phase
Stress goes beyond the individual’s ability to endure. Body language, behavior, and the level of verbal aggression increase. Goal is to intimidate
Crisis Phase
Loss of verbal control, judgement, and physical control. The end result may be an act of violence.
Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
The acceptable average exposure over a short period of time, usually 15 minutes, as long as the TWA is not exceeded
Exposure Assessment
The process of estimating or measuring the magnitude, frequency, and exposure to an agent, along with the number and characteristics of the population exposed
Pollution Prevention Act
Designed to help U.S. businesses transform the way they thought about manufacturing products and processes, and how to reduce costs by minimizing waste
Key Elements of an Effective Health and Safety Performance System
- Auditing and review
- Policy
- Organizing
- Planning and Implementation
- Measuring Performance
7 Steps of Behavior Based Safety
- Identify critical problem behaviors
- Identify root causes
- Generate potential actions
- Evaluate possible actions
- Develop an action plan
- Implement an action plan
- Conduct follow-up
Four Security Concepts for a Sound Security System
- Deter
- Detect
- Delay
- Respond
Hazard Operability Study or Analysis (HAZOP)
A process hazard analysis. A form of risk management to identify, evaluate, and control hazards and risks in complex processes. Analyzes any possible deviation that can happen in a complex plant.
Hazard Identification (HAZID)
The process of proactively identifying hazards that can affect people, property, and the environment at the early stages of a project
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
A structured way to identify and address potential problems, or failures and their resulting effects on the system or process before an adverse event occurs. Purpose is to prevent an undesirable event
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
A logic diagram based on the principle of multi-causality, which traces all branches of events which could contribute to an accident or failure
