Domain 2 Flashcards
Fault Tree Analysis
Top-down approach to determining the cause of a specific undesired event within a complex system
Hazard Operability Study (HAZOP)
Systematic way to identify possible hazards in a work process
What-if Analysis
Used to determine how projected performance is affected by changes in the assumptions that projections are based upon
Fishbone Digram
Visual way to look at cause and effect
29 CFR 1910.119
OSHA’s Process Safety Management Standard
Contains requirements for preventing or minimizing the consequence of catastrophic releases of chemicals
Risk
The possibility of an incident or exposure and the severity of harm or damage that could result
Hazard
Situations or conditions having the potential for harm,that, if not controlled, can create risk
Hazard Analysis
A process of determining whether credible means exist from failure or other causes that could lead to an incident or undesired event
Risk Analysis
Steps in an analysis design to estimate the risk level
ANS/ASSP Z10.0
Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
Hierarchy of Controls (Most - Least Effective)
- Elimination
- Substitution
- Engineering
- Warnings
- Administrative
- PPE
Elimination
Removing risk
Substitution
Changing something out for something else less hazardous
Engineering
Changing the design or construction of equipment
Warnings
Signage
Administrative
Limiting factors, such as time or distance, to reduce exposure
PPE
Direct barriers worn by employee
Management of Change
A systematic approach to dealing with operational change. Review of all significant changes to ensure than an acceptable level of risk will be maintained after the change
Lagging indicators
What has already happened (i.e., accidents or injuries)
Leading Indicators
Measure the effectiveness of proactive activities and programs that aim o prevent future incidents and improve safety (I.e., audits, observations, safety programs)
LOTO Authorized
Performs service or maintenance on equipment
Z10.0 Elements
- Management leadership
- Employee participation
- Planning
- Implementation and operation
- Evaluation and corrective action
- Management review
- Support
OSHA 1910.147
Control of Hazardous Energy
Procedures necessary to disable machinery
OSHA 1910.1200
Hazard Communication
Information concerning the materials is transmitted to employers and employees
Cost Benefit Analysis
Helps management prioritize actions to reduce risk of identified financial loss scenarios
Job Hazard Analysis
Identifies and analyzes hazards associated with the performance of various job tasks with the goal of worker safety
Pareto Analysis
Identifies the problem areas or tasks that will have the biggest payoff. 80/20 rule
Financial Risk Analysis
Assessment of the likelihood of a threat occurring and it’s possible impact
Behavior Based Approach (4 Steps)
- Communicate at risk behaviors to target audience
- Make a baseline to set goals
- Intervene and provide feedback
- Test impact through observation and recording behaviors
Management by Objectives (MBO)
A process in which a manager and an employee agree on specific performance goals and then develop a plan to reach them
Theory X
People dislike work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed towards goals
Authoritarian
Total decision-making power and retains as much authority as possible
Theory Y
People are interested in their work, want to take responsibility and don’t need much supervision
Risk Transfer
Assigns liability to another party rather than accepting the risk (i.e., insurance)
Risk Avoidance
Eliminate the cause of the threat
Risk Retention
Accept a portion of the risk after mitigation efforts
Deductive Reasoning
Works backwards starting with the undesired event (Fault tree analysis)
Inductive Reasoning
Starts from the beginning using observable data to predict events and outcomes
Trenching 5-4-3-2-1
- Trenches 5 ft or more must have cave in protection
- Trenches more than 4 ft must have a ladder for entry and exit
- Ladders must be 3 ft past the ground level
- Spoil piles must be at least 2 ft away from the edge of the trench
- There must always by 1 competent person onsite
Type A Soil
Clay, silty clay, sandy clay, and clay loam. Most stable
Type B Soil
Angular gravel, silt, and silt loam. Often cracked or disturbed causing the soil not to stick together well
Type C Soil
Gravel and sand. Least stable
Soil Testing Methods
- Thumb penetration test
- Pocket penetrometer test
- The plasticity or pencil test
Confined Space
An area large enough for workers to enter and perform certain jobs, has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous occupancy
Permit-required Confined Space
An area that contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; contains material that has the potential to engulf an entrant; has walls that converge in ward or floors that slope downward and taper into a smaller area which could trap or asphyxiate an entrant; or contains any other recognized safety or health hazard, such as unguarded machinery, exposed live wires, or heat stress
Fall Protection Elevations
1. General Industry
2. Shipyards
3. Construction
4. Longshoring
- 4 feet
- 5 feet
- 6 feet
- 8 feet
General Duty Clause
Employers provide a safe work environment
Subpart O
Machinery and Machine Guarding
Industrial Truck Designations
D or DS - Dust hazard with safeguards against fire hazards
G or GS - Gas powered with additional safeguards against fire hazards
EX - Electrically powered units that are designed, constructed and assembled to be used in atmospheres containing flammable vapors or dusts
When do scaffolds require guardrails above a lower level?
10 feet
Acceptable Level of Risk
Level of risk to workers that is tolerated by the organization
Risk Tolerance
The willingness of a worker or organization to take safety risks after risk mitigation to achieve objectives
Incident
An event or series of events in which a work-related injury or illness or fatality occurred or could have occurred
Exposure
Contact with or proximity to a health or safety hazard taking into account duration, frequency, toxicity and intensity
Stressor
Any event which causes tension
Audit
A systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining information and data and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which defined criteria are fulfilled
Tasks Associated With Audits
- Planning and reviewing internal documents
- Collecting and verifying evidence
- Generating findings
- Preparing reports
- Communicating findings
ABC Model of Behavior Based Safety
Antecedent (trigger), Behavior, Consequences
Risk Assessment
Process that considers potential severity and frequency of a hazard
ANSI/ASSP Z15.1
Safe Practices for Motor Vehicle Operation
Human Factors
Factors related to interactions among humans and their work activities, and other elements of the system, including cognitive, physical, social and organizational elements
ISO 45001
Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems
Elements of ISO 45001
- Leadership and worker participation
- Planning
- Support
- Operation
- Performance evaluation
- Improvement
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Lists components involved in an accident including people, equipment, machine parts, and materials and then identifies failures and effects of each component
Job Hazard Analysis
Breaks down jobs into smaller tasks and identifies potential hazards and corrective measures
Hygiene Factor (Herzberg’s Motivational Theory)
- Supervision
- Interpersonal relationships
- Physical working conditions
- Salary
Motivational Factors (Herzberg’s Motivational Theory)
- Achievement
- Advancement
- Recognition
- Responsibility
