Safety Points Flashcards
Until what age do kids stay backseat rear-facing buckle
2 y.o
Reach the height/weight limit, whichever comes first, of current car seat before graduating to the next:
Rear facing: infant seat, convertible seat
Forward facing: convertible seat, combination seat
High back booster
No back booster
When can kids stop using booster seat?
4’9” tall, about 80 pounds, about 8 y.o
8 SIDS risk factors
Low birth weight Low APGAR score Recent viral illness Male gender Maternal smoking Co-sleeping Prone-sleeping Soft bedding
Umbilical cord care
Umbilical cord will gradually dry, become black and then fall off, usually within the first 10 days.
Clamp/tie may fall off in the first 2 days.
Try to keep cord clean and dry.
If the area around the umbilical cord looks red or is sticky, contact PCP.
Some clear, sticky brown oozing around belly button -normal healing
Newborn bathing
2-3x/week for 5-10 min
Avoid soap = drying; use gentle non-soap cleanser, fragrance-free oil
2 inches water for < 6 mo
Face while clothed, genital areas last with water
If uncircumcised, clean outside only; do not retract forcefully - often 2-3 yo or puberty (smegma is normal - dead skin cells)
Egg white discharge normal in daughters
Non accidental head trauma (shaken baby syndrome)
Often result of frustration with crying baby
Teach coping mechanisms
Place the child in a safe place and take a break
“Period of Purple Crying” video
PURPLE crying
Period of PURPLE Crying begins at about 2 weeks of age
Continues until about 3-5 months of age, peak at 2 mo
Unexpected: come and go without incident
Resists soothing
Pain-like face
Long lasting (5 hours or more)
Evening
< 3 mo signs of tiredness
Jerky movements Staring into distance Arching back Eye rubbing Yawning Fussing Whining Clenching fists Frowning Sucking on fingers Ignoring distractions Losing interest
0-6 mo infant nutrition
Breastmilk or formula only (both = 20kcal/oz)
Most babies need feeds every 2-4 hours, and they have around 8-12 feeds every 24 hours.
Sometimes feeds might last up to an hour, especially if breastfeeding.
Take Vitamin D supplement for baby/mom; mom take 150 mcg iodine supplement
Exception: infant cereal may be added as early as 4 mo with pediatrician recommendation
Goal: double birth weight by gaining 2 lbs/mo or 1 oz/30 g per day
6-12 mo infant nutrition
Breastmilk or formula is still primary source of nutrients until 12 mo
Most older babies feed every 3-4 hours (can use feeding cup at 6 mo)
Goal: triple birth weight by gaining about 1 lb/mo or 0.5 oz per day
Introducing solids
Recommended to wait at least 6 mo
- More mature GI system
- Less sensitive to allergens
- Developmentally ready
- Head control
- Pincer grasp
- Eye hand coordination
Add 1 food at a time. Waiting 4-7 days between for ID of allergens.
No added salt, sugar, or honey
No cows milk until 12 mo
Full fat milk from 1-2 years for brain myelination
By 12 mo, baby will limit breast/formula to 500-600ml
Dental care
No bottles in bed
No juice before bed
No juice in bottle, only cup
Rice size fluoridated toothpaste 6 mo, pea size once they can spit
1-2 mo old concerns
- Crying more than usual
- Not feeding well
- Very tired or sleeps a lot more than expected (> 16 hrs)
- Not moving arms or legs
- Not responding to bright light or seeing things – for ex, isn’t following your face with her eyes
- Not making sounds like gurgling
- Not hearing things – for ex, not startling to loud sounds or turning her head towards sounds
- Not sleeping well
- Post partum depression
- Not smiling
2-3 mo old concerns
- Crying more than usual
- Can’t focus his eyes on something but instead crosses his eyes most of the time (it’s normal for baby’s eyes to cross occasionally in these months)
- Not looking you in the eyes, even for a short time
- Doesn’t pay attention to faces
- Not making sounds or responding to loud noises
- Hands in fist most time
- Very floppy or very stiff
