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Lab Tests & Values Flashcards

1
Q

CBC with diff test includes:

A

Hgb
Hct
RBC
WBC (neutophils, bands, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basiphils, platelets, reticulocyte, MCV, MCHC)

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2
Q

CBC with diff values (Hgb, Hct, RBC, WBC, plt)

A 
Hgb
Newborn: 14-24
Infant/Toddler: 11-15
School-aged: 11-15
Teens: M 12-16, F 11.5-16

Hct
Newborn: 42-60
Infant/Toddler: 33-55
School-aged: 34-42
Teens: M 37-50, F 36-44

RBC
Newborn: 4.1-7.5
Infant/Toddler: 4.1-5.1
School-aged: 3.9-5.3
Teens: M 4.5-5.3, F 4.1-5.1

WBC
Newborn: 9-30
Infant/Toddler: 6-17
School-aged: 5-15.5
Teens: 4.5-13.5

PLTS
Newborn: 84-478
Everyone else: 150-400

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3
Q

Increased Hgb indications

A

High Hgb: Dry BP

Dehydration
Burns
Polycythemia

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4
Q

Decreased Hgb indications

A

Low Hgb: HARD BILL

Hodgkin’s, hemorrhage, hyperthyroidism
Anemia/Sickle cell
Renal
Disease

Bleeding
Iron low
Leukemia
Liver disease

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5
Q

Increased RBC indications

A

High RBC: DASH

Dehydration
Acute poisoning
Severe diarrhea
Hemorrhage

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6
Q

Decreased RBC indications

A

Low RBC: BIL3 ER

Bleeding
Intake low Fe
Lead poisoning, Lupus, Leukemia
Endocarditis (subacute bacterial)
Rheumatic fever
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7
Q

Increased WBC indications

A

Tx before pt SAILS high in Wbc

Sepsis
Acute hemorrhage
Infection bacteria (tonsillitis, sepsis, meningitis, appendicitis)
Leukemia
Steroids
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8
Q

Decreased WBC indications

A

Chronic low Wbc: NO CAALLL DR HIMS

Neutropenia
Oncology patient (bone marrow depression)
Cancer
Anemia aplastic
Autoimmune (RA)
Lymphoma
Lupus
Leukemia

Drugs (anti-seizure meds, abx, antihistamines, diuretics, analgesics, TCA)
Infection Ricketts

Hemolysis
Infection bacteria, injury burn
Metabolic disorders (DKA)
Stress response

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9
Q

Increased neutrophil indications

A

Viral infections (hepatitis, mono)
Chemo/Radiation
Immune deficiencies
Malignancies

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10
Q

Decreased neutrophil (neutropenia) indications

A

Viral infections (hepatitis, mono)
Chemo or radiation
Immune deficiencies
Malignancies

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11
Q

Increased lymphocytes indications

A

Viral infection
Lymphocytic leukemia
Ulcerative colitis
Immune diseases

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12
Q

Decreased lymphocytes indications

A 
Severe deliberating illness (CHF, renal failure, TB)
Immunosuppressive therapy
Hodgkin's disease
Post burns/trauma
Cushing syndrome
Corticosteroid usage
HIV infection
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13
Q

Increased monocyte indications

A 
Recovery from acute infection
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
Leukemia
Hodgkin's disease
Rickettsial infection
SLE
RA
Hepatitis
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14
Q

Decreased monocyte indications

A

RA
HIV infection
Prednisone usage

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15
Q

Increased eosinophil indications

A 
Allergic disorders (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema)
Parasite infection
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16
Q

Decreased eosinophil indications

A

Stress responses d/t trauma, shock, burns, stress

Cushing syndrome

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17
Q

Increased basophil indications

A 
Leukemia
Hodgkin's disease 
Inflammatory conditions (UC)
Polycythemia
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Infections (TB, varicella, influenza)
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18
Q

Decreased basophil indications

A 
Hyperthyroidism
Pregnancy
Stress
Prolonged steroid use
Allergic reaction
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19
Q

Increased platelet indications

A 
Acute infection
Malignancy
Postsplenectomy
Trauma
RA
Kawasaki disease
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20
Q

Decreased platelet (thrombocytopenia) indications

A

Leukemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
Autoimmune disorders
Drugs (penicillins, ampicillin, cephalothin)
Hemolytic uremic syndrme
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Viral infection
HIV infection

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21
Q

Increased reticulocyte indications

A

Hemorrhage/blood loss
Increased RBC destruction
Response to initiation of Fe therapy

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22
Q

Decreased reticulocyte indications

A

Fe-deficiency anemia
Chronic infection
Radiation
Aplastic anemia

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23
Q

Increased mean cell volume variations

A

Macrocytic anemia d/t folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency

24
Q

Decreased MCV variations

A

Microcytic anemia d/t Fe deficiency or thalassemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Lead poisoning

25
Chemistry panel includes
Na, K, BUN, creatinine, bilirubin, cholesterol, lead
26
Na values
Newborn/child: 135-145 mEq/L
27
Increased Na indications
Dehydration Vomiting or diarrhea Diabetes insipidus Cushing syndrome
28
Decreased Na indications
``` Vomiting or diarrhea Burns DKA Addison's disease Acute/chronic renal failure Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) ```
29
K values
Newborn/child: 3.5-3.0 mEq/L
30
Increased K indications
Acidosis | Renal failure
31
Decreased K indications
Diarrhea or vomiting Dehydration Malabsorption Use of diuretics or anti-inflammatory drugs
32
BUN values
5-20 mg/dL
33
Increased BUN indications
``` High-protein diet Renal or urinary obstruction or disease GI hemorrhage Malignancies Dehydration Shock ```
34
Decreased BUN indications
Hemodilution Pregnancy Nephrotic syndrome Liver failure
35
Creatinine values (more sensitive indicator of renal function)
0.3-1 mg/dL
36
Increased creatinine indications
Renal dysfunction Urinary tract obstruction Dehydration Muscle disease
37
Bilirubin levels
Birth: 1.5 mg/dL 3-4 days postnatal Breastfed: 7.3 Formula fed: 5.7 Older infant/child Total < 1.5 Direct (conjugated): 0.2-0.4 (find pathology if high) Indirect (unconjugated): 0.4-0.8 (>20 mg/dL neurotoxic!)
38
Cholesterol values (mg/100 mL)
Full-term newborn: 45-167 Infant: 70-190 Child/teen: <170
39
Lead value
< 10 ug/dL
40
pH values
Newborn: 5-7 Child: 4.8-7.8
41
Increased pH indications
Alkaline UTI Salicylate intoxication
42
Decreased pH indications
Acidic Acidosis Renal failure Diarrhea Dehydration
43
Specific gravity values
Newborn: 1.001-1.020 Child: 1.001-1.030
44
Increased specific gravity indications
Dehydration Nephrosis Glomerulonephritis
45
Decreased specific gravity indications
Diabetes insipidus
46
Glucose should be negative in UA
Presence of sugar --> diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorder, liver disease, renal tubular disorders
47
Protein should be negative in UA
Presence of protein --> renal disease, exercise, SLE, orthostatic proteinuria, asymptomatic proteinuria
48
Ketones should be negative in UA
Presence of ketones --> fever, dehydration, anorexia, diarrhea, fasting, prolonged vomiting or anorexia
49
Nitrites should be negative in UA
Presence of nitrites --> UTI (strong predictor)
50
WBC range in UA & increase indications
0-4 WBCs/HPF Increased WBC: UTI, fever, pyelonephritis, TB, nephrosis
51
RBC range in UA & increased indications
1-2 RBCs/HPF Increased RBC: UTI, pyelonephritis, SLE, renal stones, trauma, TB, hemophilia, polyarteritis nodosa, malignant HTN
52
Bacteria should be negative in UA
confirmed UTI --> 100,000 colonies/mL or more of single pathogen on urine culture by clean-catch repeat urine culture must be obtained if result of 10,000-100,000 colonies/mL for febrile kids 2-24 mo (both pyuria & < 50,000 colonies/mL)
53
CSF pressure
70-180 mm H2O Increased CSF pressure --> increased ICP r/t tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, meningitis, obstructed shunt
54
CSF appearance
Clear Bloody: traumatic tap, cerebral hemorrhage Yellow: hyperbilirubinemia, metastatic melanoma Cloudy: increased WBCs (bacterial meningitis)
55
Glucose in CSF
60-80 mg/dL Increased: diabetes Decreased: bacterial meningitis, TB, hypoglycemia, leukemia with mets
56
Protein in CSF
15-45 mg/dL Increased: encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, TB, acoustic neuroma
57
CSF cell count in infants and kids/teens
Infant: 0-20 WBCs/mm3 Kid/teen: 0-10 WBCs/mm3 Increased: bacterial meningitis, early viral meningitis, cerebral abscess

Pediatric Development (6 decks)

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