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Pediatric Development > Lab Tests & Values > Flashcards

Lab Tests & Values Flashcards

1
Q

CBC with diff test includes:

A

Hgb
Hct
RBC
WBC (neutophils, bands, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basiphils, platelets, reticulocyte, MCV, MCHC)

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2
Q

CBC with diff values (Hgb, Hct, RBC, WBC, plt)

A 
Hgb
Newborn: 14-24
Infant/Toddler: 11-15
School-aged: 11-15
Teens: M 12-16, F 11.5-16
Hct
Newborn: 42-60
Infant/Toddler: 33-55
School-aged: 34-42
Teens: M 37-50, F 36-44
RBC
Newborn: 4.1-7.5
Infant/Toddler: 4.1-5.1
School-aged: 3.9-5.3
Teens: M 4.5-5.3, F 4.1-5.1
WBC
Newborn: 9-30
Infant/Toddler: 6-17
School-aged: 5-15.5
Teens: 4.5-13.5

PLTS
Newborn: 84-478
Everyone else: 150-400

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3
Q

Increased Hgb indications

A

High Hgb: Dry BP

Dehydration
Burns
Polycythemia

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4
Q

Decreased Hgb indications

A

Low Hgb: HARD BILL

Hodgkin’s, hemorrhage, hyperthyroidism
Anemia/Sickle cell
Renal
Disease

Bleeding
Iron low
Leukemia
Liver disease

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5
Q

Increased RBC indications

A

High RBC: DASH

Dehydration
Acute poisoning
Severe diarrhea
Hemorrhage

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6
Q

Decreased RBC indications

A

Low RBC: BIL3 ER

Bleeding
Intake low Fe
Lead poisoning, Lupus, Leukemia
Endocarditis (subacute bacterial)
Rheumatic fever
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7
Q

Increased WBC indications

A

Tx before pt SAILS high in Wbc

Sepsis
Acute hemorrhage
Infection bacteria (tonsillitis, sepsis, meningitis, appendicitis)
Leukemia
Steroids
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8
Q

Decreased WBC indications

A

Chronic low Wbc: NO CAALLL DR HIMS

Neutropenia
Oncology patient (bone marrow depression)
Cancer
Anemia aplastic
Autoimmune (RA)
Lymphoma
Lupus
Leukemia

Drugs (anti-seizure meds, abx, antihistamines, diuretics, analgesics, TCA)
Infection Ricketts

Hemolysis
Infection bacteria, injury burn
Metabolic disorders (DKA)
Stress response

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9
Q

Increased neutrophil indications

A

Viral infections (hepatitis, mono)
Chemo/Radiation
Immune deficiencies
Malignancies

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10
Q

Decreased neutrophil (neutropenia) indications

A

Viral infections (hepatitis, mono)
Chemo or radiation
Immune deficiencies
Malignancies

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11
Q

Increased lymphocytes indications

A

Viral infection
Lymphocytic leukemia
Ulcerative colitis
Immune diseases

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12
Q

Decreased lymphocytes indications

A 
Severe deliberating illness (CHF, renal failure, TB)
Immunosuppressive therapy
Hodgkin's disease
Post burns/trauma
Cushing syndrome
Corticosteroid usage
HIV infection
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13
Q

Increased monocyte indications

A 
Recovery from acute infection
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
Leukemia
Hodgkin's disease
Rickettsial infection
SLE
RA
Hepatitis
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14
Q

Decreased monocyte indications

A

RA
HIV infection
Prednisone usage

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15
Q

Increased eosinophil indications

A 
Allergic disorders (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema)
Parasite infection
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16
Q

Decreased eosinophil indications

A

Stress responses d/t trauma, shock, burns, stress

Cushing syndrome

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17
Q

Increased basophil indications

A 
Leukemia
Hodgkin's disease 
Inflammatory conditions (UC)
Polycythemia
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Infections (TB, varicella, influenza)
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18
Q

Decreased basophil indications

A 
Hyperthyroidism
Pregnancy
Stress
Prolonged steroid use
Allergic reaction
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19
Q

Increased platelet indications

A 
Acute infection
Malignancy
Postsplenectomy
Trauma
RA
Kawasaki disease
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20
Q

Decreased platelet (thrombocytopenia) indications

A

Leukemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
Autoimmune disorders
Drugs (penicillins, ampicillin, cephalothin)
Hemolytic uremic syndrme
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Viral infection
HIV infection

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21
Q

Increased reticulocyte indications

A

Hemorrhage/blood loss
Increased RBC destruction
Response to initiation of Fe therapy

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22
Q

Decreased reticulocyte indications

A

Fe-deficiency anemia
Chronic infection
Radiation
Aplastic anemia

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23
Q

Increased mean cell volume variations

A

Macrocytic anemia d/t folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency

24
Q

Decreased MCV variations

A

Microcytic anemia d/t Fe deficiency or thalassemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Lead poisoning

25
Q

Chemistry panel includes

A

Na, K, BUN, creatinine, bilirubin, cholesterol, lead

26
Q

Na values

A

Newborn/child: 135-145 mEq/L

27
Q

Increased Na indications

A

Dehydration
Vomiting or diarrhea
Diabetes insipidus
Cushing syndrome

28
Q

Decreased Na indications

A 
Vomiting or diarrhea
Burns
DKA
Addison's disease
Acute/chronic renal failure
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
29
Q

K values

A

Newborn/child: 3.5-3.0 mEq/L

30
Q

Increased K indications

A

Acidosis

Renal failure

31
Q

Decreased K indications

A

Diarrhea or vomiting
Dehydration
Malabsorption
Use of diuretics or anti-inflammatory drugs

32
Q

BUN values

A

5-20 mg/dL

33
Q

Increased BUN indications

A 
High-protein diet
Renal or urinary obstruction or disease
GI hemorrhage 
Malignancies
Dehydration
Shock
34
Q

Decreased BUN indications

A

Hemodilution
Pregnancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver failure

35
Q

Creatinine values (more sensitive indicator of renal function)

A

0.3-1 mg/dL

36
Q

Increased creatinine indications

A

Renal dysfunction
Urinary tract obstruction
Dehydration
Muscle disease

37
Q

Bilirubin levels

A

Birth: 1.5 mg/dL

3-4 days postnatal
Breastfed: 7.3
Formula fed: 5.7

Older infant/child
Total < 1.5
Direct (conjugated): 0.2-0.4 (find pathology if high)
Indirect (unconjugated): 0.4-0.8 (>20 mg/dL neurotoxic!)

38
Q

Cholesterol values (mg/100 mL)

A

Full-term newborn: 45-167
Infant: 70-190
Child/teen: <170

39
Q

Lead value

A

< 10 ug/dL

40
Q

pH values

A

Newborn: 5-7
Child: 4.8-7.8

41
Q

Increased pH indications

A

Alkaline

UTI
Salicylate intoxication

42
Q

Decreased pH indications

A

Acidic

Acidosis
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Dehydration

43
Q

Specific gravity values

A

Newborn: 1.001-1.020
Child: 1.001-1.030

44
Q

Increased specific gravity indications

A

Dehydration
Nephrosis
Glomerulonephritis

45
Q

Decreased specific gravity indications

A

Diabetes insipidus

46
Q

Glucose should be negative in UA

A

Presence of sugar –> diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorder, liver disease, renal tubular disorders

47
Q

Protein should be negative in UA

A

Presence of protein –> renal disease, exercise, SLE, orthostatic proteinuria, asymptomatic proteinuria

48
Q

Ketones should be negative in UA

A

Presence of ketones –> fever, dehydration, anorexia, diarrhea, fasting, prolonged vomiting or anorexia

49
Q

Nitrites should be negative in UA

A

Presence of nitrites –> UTI (strong predictor)

50
Q

WBC range in UA & increase indications

A

0-4 WBCs/HPF

Increased WBC: UTI, fever, pyelonephritis, TB, nephrosis

51
Q

RBC range in UA & increased indications

A

1-2 RBCs/HPF

Increased RBC: UTI, pyelonephritis, SLE, renal stones, trauma, TB, hemophilia, polyarteritis nodosa, malignant HTN

52
Q

Bacteria should be negative in UA

A

confirmed UTI –> 100,000 colonies/mL or more of single pathogen on urine culture by clean-catch

repeat urine culture must be obtained if result of 10,000-100,000 colonies/mL for febrile kids 2-24 mo (both pyuria & < 50,000 colonies/mL)

53
Q

CSF pressure

A

70-180 mm H2O

Increased CSF pressure –> increased ICP r/t tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, meningitis, obstructed shunt

54
Q

CSF appearance

A

Clear

Bloody: traumatic tap, cerebral hemorrhage
Yellow: hyperbilirubinemia, metastatic melanoma
Cloudy: increased WBCs (bacterial meningitis)

55
Q

Glucose in CSF

A

60-80 mg/dL

Increased: diabetes
Decreased: bacterial meningitis, TB, hypoglycemia, leukemia with mets

56
Q

Protein in CSF

A

15-45 mg/dL

Increased: encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, TB, acoustic neuroma

57
Q

CSF cell count in infants and kids/teens

A

Infant: 0-20 WBCs/mm3
Kid/teen: 0-10 WBCs/mm3

Increased: bacterial meningitis, early viral meningitis, cerebral abscess

Pediatric Development (6 decks)

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