Safeguarding children Flashcards

1
Q

What are GDC expectations regarding child safeguarding

A

expects you to raise concerns about possible abuse/neglect of children/vulnerable adults

your responsibility to know who to contact for further advice and how to refer to an appropriate authority

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2
Q

What is child protection

A

activity undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or at risk of suffering, significant harm

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3
Q

Who are children in need

A

those who require additional support or services to achieve full potential

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4
Q

What are the measures taken to minims risk of harm to children

A

protecting children from maltreatment
preventing impairment of children health and development
ensuring that children are growing up in a safe and caring environment

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5
Q

What is child abuse/neglect

A

anything those entrusted with care of child do/fail to do that damages child’s prospects of safe and healthy development into adulthood

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6
Q

What are 3 elements of child abuse

A

significant harm to child
carer has some responsibility for that harm
significant connection between carer’s responsibility for child and harm to child

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7
Q

What are the 4 major themes to the Children & Young People’s Act

A

children right
getting it right for every child
early learning and child care
looked after children

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8
Q

What is the GIRFEC in CYPA 2014

A

national practice model

creates a shared language and approach to identifying and meeting concerns

shared approach to organizing and recording information about a child and discussing ways of addressing concerns about well being

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9
Q

When can information be shared

A

when safety is at risk

where the benefits of sharing the info outweighs the public and individual’s interest in keeping info confidential

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10
Q

What are the rights of a child

A
right to:
respect
info about yourself
protected from harm
have a say in your life
good start to life
to be and feel secure
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11
Q

What does UNCRC criticize UK in regards to protection

A

against physical abuse - reasonable chastisement used

teenagers in penal system don’t have access to health care, education and child protection

lack of benefits and access to health care from asylum seeker children

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12
Q

Where does UNCRC criticize UK in regards to participation

A

full participation for disabled children

access to information - lack of recognition for the need to respect childs rights in gov documents

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13
Q

Where does UNCRC criticize UK in regards to provision

A

standard of living adequate for physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development

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14
Q

What is the etiology/contributing factor for child abuse from adults point of view

A

drugs, alcohol, unemployment, marital stress, mental illness, disabled, domestic violence, step parents, isolation, abused as child, unrealistic expectations

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15
Q

What is the etiology/contributing factor for child abuse in regards to the children

A

crying, soling, disability, unwanted pregnancy, failed expectations, wrong gender, product of forced, coercive or commercial sex

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16
Q

What is the community/environmental contributing factors for child abuse

A

dwelling place and housing condition

neighbor hood

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17
Q

What is the family violence and dysfunctional family contributing factors for child abuse

A

intergenerational cycle
violence towards pets
social isolation
poverty

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18
Q

What are the 3 big concerns for parenting capacity

A

domestic violence
drug alcohol misuse
mental health problems

cumulative problems increase likelihood of a negative outcome

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19
Q

What are categories of child abuse

A
physical 
emotional 
neglect
sexual
non organic failure to thrive
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20
Q

Who are vulnerable children

A

under 5s
irregular attenders (repeatedly do not attend, return in pain, exposed risk of GA)
medical problems and disabilities

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21
Q

Why are children w medical problems and disabilities more at risk

A

more at risk fo experiencing abuse of all kinds

serious impairment of health or development is more likely as a result of untreated dental disease

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22
Q

In coltan dhow many children are killed

A

10 each year

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23
Q

What are a childs needs

A
nutrition
warmth/clothing/shelter
hygiene and health care
stimulation and education
affection
24
Q

What are the effects of neglect

A

failure to thrive/short stature
inappropriate clothing; cold injury, sunburn
ingrained dirt (finger nails); head lice, dental caries
developmental decay
withdrawn or attention seeking behavior

25
Q

Why is neglect of neglect possible

A

as neglect is less incidence focused

or because less shared understanding by what is meant by neglect and how to respond

26
Q

What is short term damage of neglect

A

physical health
emotional health
social development
cognitive development

27
Q

What is the long term damage of neglect

A
as adults have higher incidence of 
arrest
suicide attempt
major depression
diabetes
heart disease
28
Q

What is the definition of dental neglect

A

the persistent failure to meet a child’s basic oral health needs, likely to result in serious impairment of a child’s oral or general health and development

29
Q

What is general dental neglect

A

severe dental disease which can cause

toothache
disturbed sleep
difficulty eating/change in food preferences
absence from school

30
Q

What can dental disease put a child at risk of

A

teasing due to poor appearance
repeated AB
repeated GA
severe infect

31
Q

When is dental neglect willful neglect

A

after dental problems have been pointed out there is:

irregular attendance, repeated failed appointments, repeated late cancellations
failure to complete tx
returning in pain at repeated intervals
repeated GA for dental extractions

32
Q

What are indicators of dental neglect

A

obvious dental disease
impact on child
practical care has been offered yet the child has not returned for tx

33
Q

What are the 3 stages of managing dental neglect

A

preventive dental team management
preventive multi-agency management
child protection referral

34
Q

What is preventive dental team management

A

raise concerns with parents, offer support, set targets, keep records, monitor progress

35
Q

What is preventive multi agency management

A

liaise with other professionals - health visitor, school nurse, GP

child may be subject to common assessment framework at this level

check if child is subject to a child protection plan

agree joint plan of action, review at agreed intervals

letter to HV of children <5 who fail appointments and have failed to respond to letter from dental practice

36
Q

What is child protection referral

A

in complex or deteriorating situations
follow local guidelines
referral is to socials services usually by telephone followed by in writing

37
Q

What is physical abuse classified into

A
over chastisement (cultural) 
acute/compassionate (shaken)
chronic/pathological (way of life)
38
Q

Describe acute/compassionate physical abuse

A

spontaneous uncalculated action
remorse, take appropriate action
childs needs are priority

39
Q

Describe chronic/pathological physical abuse

A

help sought but not actively
no remote
childs needs not a priority

40
Q

In Scotland what is the law on physical abuse

A

illegal to physically punish a child

41
Q

What are the types of physical abuse injury

A

head - 95% of serious head injuries in first year of life are non accidental
body

42
Q

What % of injuries in abuse cases are on the head and neck

A

60%

43
Q

What are extra oral signs of physical abuse

A
bruising of phase - punch, slap, pinch 
bruising of ears - pinch, pull
abrasions and lacerations
burns and bites
neck - choke or cord marks
eye injuries
hair pulling 
fractures (nose>mandible>zygoma)
44
Q

What are major clinical features of physical abuse

A

skin lesions - bruises, burns, bites, lacerations

bone lesions - fractures

intracranial lesions - from shaking

visceral lesions - intraabdominal blunt trauma

45
Q

What are warning bruises

A

bruising of different vintages (not same stages of healing)

grip marks

slap marks

tattoo bruising

46
Q

What are intra oral signs of physical abuse

A
contusions
bruises
abrasions and lacerations
burns 
tooth trauma
frenal injuries
47
Q

What are medical equivalents to signs of abuse

A

impetigo - similar to cigarette burns

birthmarks - mistaken for bruises

facial infection - mistaken for trauma

coagulation problems - bruise easily

48
Q

What is the index of suspicion regarding physical abuse

A

delay in seeking help

story is vague, lacking in detail and varies from person to person

account not compatible with injury

parents mood is abnormal - preoccupied

parents behavior gives cause for concern

child’s appearance and interaction with parents is abnormal

child may say something contradictory

history of previous injury

history of violence within the family

49
Q

What is the final checklist questions for physical abuse

A

could the injury have been caused accidentally and if so how?

does the explanation fit the age and the clinical findings

if the explanation is consistent with the injury, is the itself within normally acceptable limits of behavior

if there has been delay in seeking advice, are there good reasons for this

50
Q

What are the final checklist observations for physical abuse

A

general demeanor of the child
nature of relationship between guardian and child
childs reaction to other ppl
reaction of the child to any medical or dental examination
any comments by the child and or guardian that give concern about child’s upbringing or lifestyle

51
Q

What is expected of the dental team for referral

A

observe
record
communciate
refer for assessment

52
Q

Who do we go to for help and advice

A
experience colleague
named safeguarding nurse
child protection adviser
named doctor for safeguarding 
social work/services 
children service department
NSPCC helpline
53
Q

How do you refer/share concerns

A

telephone initially, follow up in writing
facts
statement of concerns

54
Q

What does the notification form/shared referral form mention

A
referral details
designated contact person 
referral to 
subject of referral 
family details
other adults in household
siblings not subject to referral 
summary of concerns 
reason for referral
agreed actions
agency involvement
55
Q

What happens after referral if the child is in immediate danger

A

there is a child protection order
exclusion order
child assessment order
removal by police or authority of JP

56
Q

What happens after referral

A

investigation, initial assessment and discussion to decide if child is at risk of significant harm

57
Q

What happens after child risk is decided

A

no further CP action, may get additional support

joint investigation