Sad + crazy Flashcards
Sertraline class + MOA
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- blocks SERT transporters to prevent reuptake of serotonin back into pre-synaptic neuron
- therefore increase serotonin in synaptic cleft
- therefore more serotonin available to bind to receptors in brain -> increased mood + focus
Sertraline side effects
- nausea
- agitation
- sweating
Venlafaxane + duloxetine class, MOA + side effects
Serotonin-Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- inhibit serotonin + noradrenaline reuptake
- nausea
- sweating
- dry mouth
Amitriptyline + nortriptyline class, MOA + adverse effects
- tricyclic anti-depressants (TCAs)
- inhibit reuptake of noradrenaline + serotonin into pre-synaptic neurons
- block cholinergic, histaminergic, adrenergic + serotonergic receptors
Mirtazapine class, MOA + adverse effects
- tetracyclic antidepressant
- blocks receptors on post synaptic neuron to increase transmission of serotonin by 5HT1 receptors
- increase release of noradrenaline + serotonin by blocking receptors on pre-synaptic neuron
- increased appetite, weight gain
Serotonin syndrome causes + symtpoms
- increased serotonergic activity in CNS
- hyperstimulation of post-synaptic serotonin receptors
b/c of: multiple serotonergic agents used together - sweating/fever
-poor coordination - tachycardia
Positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia
positive = heightened emotions
negative = lessened emotions
Dopamine effects in schizophrenia
- excess dopamine in mesolimbic pathways -> positive symptoms
- decreased dopamine in pre-frontal cortex -> cognitive + negative symptoms
differentiate b/t typical + atypical antipsychotics
all = decrease positive symptoms
typical = high affinity for Dopamine 2 (D2) receptor antagonists
- higher risk of other effects
atypical = lower affinity for D2 receptors
- lower risk of other effects
-> can be useful for negative symptoms
Adverse effects of a D2 blockade
- tardive dyskinesia (repetitive involuntary movements)
- increased prolactin secretion
Differentiate b/t the 2 classifications of BPD
bipolar 1 = one manic episode followed by depressive episodes
bipolar 2 = hypomanic + depressive episodes
-> depressive episodes cause significant distress
Medications for BPD
- mood stabilisers
- antipsychotics
- antidepressants
Broad treatment of acute mania (3)
lithium, valproate or antipsychotic
Broad treatment of depressive episodes (3)
lithium, valproate, +/- antidepressant
Lithium MOA
- enters cells via Na+ channels
- increase serotonin synthesis + release
- decrease dopamine synthesis, storage + reuptake
