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Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Sacrum & Coccyx > Flashcards

Sacrum & Coccyx Flashcards

0
Q

What is the coccygeal glomus or coccygeal body?

A

An enlarged encapsulated arteriovenous anastomosis located near the last segment of coccyx

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1
Q

What is a ganglion impair?

A

A midline sympathetic ganglion

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2
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

The bulging anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1

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3
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at sacrum?

A

Four

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4
Q

What joint classifications are typically present at sacrum?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis, and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

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5
Q

What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

Sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament, and intercornual ligament

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6
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral body S5, vertebral body Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament, and intervertebral disc

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7
Q

What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

A

Deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

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8
Q

What is the homolog for the anterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

A

Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

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9
Q

What is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at S5?

A

Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

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10
Q

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

A

The union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

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11
Q

What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1?

A

The posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

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12
Q

What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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13
Q

Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacroiliac joint?

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

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14
Q

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacroiliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

A

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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15
Q

Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

Short posterior sacroiliac ligament

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16
Q

Which ligament attaches the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

A

Long posterior sacroiliac ligament

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17
Q

What is the homolog for the inferior articular process and facet at S5?

A

Sacral cornu

18
Q

What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?

A

Coccygeal cornu

19
Q

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

A

Intercornual ligament

20
Q

What is the number of coccygeal somites?

A

Ten

21
Q

What is the typical number of segments which unite to form the adult coccyx?

A

4 segments

22
Q

When is ossification of coccyx completed?

A

About age 30

23
Q

What is the direction of fusion of coccygeal segments?

A

From caudal to cranial, the last segments to fuse together are Co1 and Co2

24
Q

What is the direction of the coccygeal curve?

A

Posterior (kyphotic)

25
Q

What is the major motion and range of motion for coccyx?

A

Flexion-extension, 5-20 degrees

26
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?

A

Typically 5 pairs of coccygeal nerves are present

27
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are present in the adult?

A

Typically only one pair of coccygeal nerves remain in the adult

28
Q

What forms the coccygeal nerve plexus?

A

S4, S5, and Co1 nerves

29
Q

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented backward, upward, and medial?

A

C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1

30
Q

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae are oriented back, up, medial, and concave?

A

C1, L1-L5, S1

31
Q

Superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, upward, and lateral?

A

C2, T1-T12

32
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented backward, medial, and downward?

A

C1

33
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward, lateral, and downward?

A

C2-C6, T12, L1-L5

34
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments are oriented forward, lateral, downward and convex?

A

T12, L1-L5

35
Q

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented forward,medial, and downward?

A

C7, T1-T11

36
Q

Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?

A

C1

37
Q

What directions will all superior articular facets face?

A

Backward and upward

38
Q

Which segments will have facets that are specifically shaped as “concave”?

A

C1, L1-L5, S1 superior articular facets

39
Q

Which segments will have facets that are specifically shaped as “convex”?

A

T12, L1-L5 inferior articular facets

40
Q

Which segments will have superior articular facets that are oriented medial or inward?

A

C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1

41
Q

Which segments will have superior articular facets that are oriented lateral or outward?

A

C2, T1-T12

42
Q

Which segments will have inferior articular facets that are oriented lateral or outward?

A

C2-C6, T12, L1-L5

43
Q

Which segments will have inferior articular facets that are oriented medial or inward?

A

C1, C7, T1-T11

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (12 decks)

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