SAC 2 Flashcards
Why is obesity an NHPA?
There is potential for prevention through lifestyle changes and health promotion.
The costs of obesity to the healthcare system are high.
Obesity is a risk factor for any other chronic diseases which contribute to our burden of disease (type 2 diabetes, CVD).
Define Obesity:
Obesity relates to carrying excess body weight in the form of fat.
Obesity direct, indirect and intangible costs:
Direct = weight management plans for the individual and health promotion programs for the community. Indirect = Loss of income from inability to work for the individual and welfare and government payments for the community. Intangible = The effects on mental health, self-conscious and low self-esteem and lack of energy to complete daily tasks.
Biological, behavioural, social and physical determinants obesity:
Biological: Age. Metabolism slows with age and it becomes more difficult to maintain weight.
Behavioural: Lack of physical activity. Less energy is expended or burned, which increases the risk of weight gain.
Physical Environment: Work environment. A work environment that does not facilitate incidental physical activity such as walking up or down stairs or walking around the office can increase the risk of obesity.
Social: Low socioeconomic status. People of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be obese. This could be a result of lower levels of physical activity and a more energy dense diet.
Health promotion program obesity:
Swap it, don’t stop it. A federal government imitative that aims to address obesity by encouraging Australians to make small swaps in their life, which would make big differences for their health and reduce the risk of disease. The swaps can be nigh dietary swaps and physical activity swaps. For example, swapping a big meal for a smaller portion. Swapping frequently consumed foods to only occasional consumption.
Define cardiovascular health:
Cardiovascular health refers to the health of the heart and blood vessels. Examples include coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.
Why is cardiovascular health an NHPA?
Coronary heart disease is the number 1 contributor to the burden of disease in Austrlia, for both makes and females.
High healthcare costs are associated with the diagnosis and treatments of CVDs.
Cardiovascular health indirect, direct and intangible costs:
Direct = Ambulance transport in case of a heart attack (individual) and health promotion programs (community). Indirect = Changes to living conditions. A person suffering a stroke may experience limited mobility. (Individual) and Cost of carers. Carers may be required in periods of rehabilitation, especially for the elderly. (Community). Intangible = Pain and suffering associated with the reoccurring symptoms (individual) and Anxiety and stress for family, friends and associates (community).
Biological, behavioural, physical environment and social determinant of cardiovascular health:
Biological: Body weight. Being overweight or obese usually places greater strain on the heart and increases the risk of hypertension.
Behavioural: Tobacco smoking. This increases blood pressure and contributes to plaque build up on artery walls.
Physical environment: Environmental tobacco smoke. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by contributing to atherosclerosis.
Social: Socioeconomic status. People in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to be obese and are therefore more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease.
Health promotion program cardiovascular health:
The heart foundation tick. A program implemented by the national heart foundation that aims to allow Australians to make healthier choices when buying foods. In particular, the heart foundation tick represents a mark of approval by the heart foundation; in that certain food has lower levels of saturated fat, trans fat, sodium and kilojoules and had high levels of five compare with other foods in the same category.
Define Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions:
Refers to a disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints. Includes juvenile arthritis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, back problems and rheumatoid arthritis.
Why is arthritis an NHPA?
Cause disruptions and loss of productivity in work and daily life.
Leads to high rates of morbidity.
Significant costs to individual and community.
Arthritis direct, indirect and intangible costs:
Direct: patient co payments for doctors services (individuals) and Medicare contributions for health services (community).
Indirect: Loss of income (individual) and welfare payments (community).
Intangible: Anxiety over the prospect of falls (individuals) and anxiety from friends and relatives about the occurrence of falls (community).
Biological, behavioural, physical environment and social determinant arthritis:
Biological: Age. More wear and tear on the bones increases the risk of osteoarthritis. Bone mass decreases with age.
Behavioural: Tobacco smoking. Chemicals in tobacco smoke, can directly harm bone cells, especially nicotine.
Physical environment: Access to recreation facilities. Lack of access to parks and gardens can decrease physical activity and contribute to obesity and arthritis.
Social determinants: Occupation. Occupations involving heavy lifting can increase the risk of back problems.
Health promotion program arthritis:
WAVES: Is a program introduced by Arthritis Victoria which involves exercising in warm water. This program involves gentle exercise which can help to keep arthritis sufferers physically active and promotes joint mobility. The warm temperature of the water can also help to relieve the pain in joints, as warm water has been found to relieve joint stiffness. It is hoped that the WAVES program will reduce morbidity for patients who have arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditons.
Define injury prevention and control:
The term injury relates to the adverse effects on the human body that may result from a range of different events. Accidental or intentional.
Why is injury prevention an NHPA?
Injuries burden the healthcare system and contribute to high healthcare costs.
There is potential for prevention through clearing hazards and educating people of risks.
Injuries direct, indirect and intangible costs:
Direct costs: Patient copayments for medical treatment (individual) and health promotion programs (community).
Indirect costs: Long-term care (individual) and lost productivity (community).
Intangible costs: Frustration to relearn tasks (individual) and significant shock amongst family members and friends (community).
Biological, behavioural, physical and social determinants injuries:
Biological: body shape and size can influence the type of injury people are likely to sustain.
Behavioural: Alcohol use. People affected by alcohol often take unnecessary risks that can result in higher rates of injury.
Physical environment: Housing. Unsafe housing can increase the risks of falls and injuries.
Social determinants: Socioeconomic Status. Those of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be injured. This may be a result of lower levels of education and the types of occupations carried out.
Health promotion programs injuries:
Arrive Alive. The victorian governments road safety strategy to address road accidents and trauma and to better improve road conditions and transport safety for all road users. Arrive alive involves improving conditions of roads, adding more safety features in cars, creating safer road users by tackling drink driving and drug driving and by creating policies for danger age groups.
Define Mental Health:
Mental health is defined as a state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own potential can cope with the normal stresses of life
,can work productivity and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
Why is mental health an NHPA?
Mental health problems are one of the leading causes of the non-fatal burden of disease (YLD) mainly due to mental disorders, intentional self-har, and failed suicide attempts.
Mental health problems also contribute highly to mortality and overall burden of disease.
Mental health direct, indirect and intangible costs:
Direct costs: medication and counselling do payments (individual) and Medicare contributions (community).
Indirect costs: inability to work (individual) and lost productivity if the individual is unable to work (community).
Intangible: unable to participate in everyday activities (individual) and family members may have to take time out from their normal activities to care for the sufferer (community).
Biological, behaivoural, physical environment and social determinants of mental health:
Biological: Genetic predisposition. Those with mental illness in the family are more likely to develop a mental illness at some stage in their lives.
Behaivoural: Substance abuse. People abusing substances have higher rates of mental illness.
Social: Socioeconomic status. People in lower socioeconomic status groups have higher rates of mental illness. Could be because of higher rates of obesity and poorer quality housing.
Physical environment: Housing. Living in overcrowded housing conditions can increase the risk of psychological stress.
Health promotion programs mental health:
Headspace- Is an organisation where young people aged 12-24 can have someone else to go to. Headspace aims to create an atmosphere that is well suited to the emotional needs of young people, who often find it difficult to share their emotional experiences with parents, siblings or peers. Headspace have 30 headspace centres across Australia and help young people with mental health issues, helping to
Define cancer control:
Cancer is a general term for a number of different conditions where uncontrolled mutation and growth of cells threaten to damage other parts of the body.
