SA1

Question 1

is an electronic device that accepts, processes, stores, and outputs data at
high speeds according to programmed instructions.

Answer 1

A computer

Question 2

are the tangible parts of a computer

Answer 2

Hardware

Question 3

are used to input instructions to the computer.

Answer 3

Input Devices

Question 4

is used to give an output of what the computer executes.

Answer 4

An output device

Question 5

are programs that run the computer, designed to perform a particular type of
task.

Answer 5

Software

Question 6

is the software that makes the computer work.

Answer 6

Operating System

Question 7

stores data and program instructions.

Answer 7

Memory

Question 8

is a memory which can be read or changed by the user or computer.

Answer 8

RAM

Question 9

is a memory which can be read by the computer but not altered in any way.

Answer 9

ROM

Question 10

is a type of ROM that cannot be erased or re-written.

Answer 10

PROM

Question 11

is a type of ROM that can be erased with exposure to UV light.

Answer 11

EPROM

Question 12

is a type of ROM that can be erased and re-written without having to remove
the chip from the computer.

Answer 12

EEPROM

Question 13

EEPROM chips are also called

Answer 13

Flash ROMs

Question 14

is the part of the computer that translates commands and runs programs.

Answer 14

CPU

Question 15

is the part of the CPU that handles all arithmetic and logical operations.

Answer 15

ALU

Question 16

is the nerve center of a computer.

Answer 16

Control Unit

Question 17

extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them.

Answer 17

Control Unit

Question 18

contains the series of commands that create software.

Answer 18

A Programming Language

Question 19

is a sequence of extremely simple instructions known as machine code

Answer 19

Code

Question 20

were developed because of the difficulty of programming using
assembly languages .

Answer 20

High Level Language

Question 21

is easier to use than machine and assembly languages because
their commands are closer to natural human language .

Answer 21

High Level Language

Question 22

is a programming language that uses easy-to- remember commands
in place of binary patterns in order to make the task of programming easier.

Answer 22

Assembly Language

Question 23

Once an assembly-language program is written, it is converted to a machine-language
program by another program called an

Answer 23

Assembler

Question 24

is also known as the Stored Program Architecture

Answer 24

Von Neumann Architecture

Question 25

is a collection of wires on which electrical signals pass between components in the system.

Answer 25

Bus

Question 26

is used to shuffle data between the various components in a computer system.

Answer 26

Data Bus

Question 27

carries the actual data between the processor, the memory and the peripherals.

Answer 27

Data Bus

Question 28

specifies the location of data in memory.

Answer 28

Address Bus

Question 29

is an extensive collection of signals that control how the processor communicates with the rest of the system.

Answer 29

Control Bus

Question 30

carries the control, timing and coordination signals to manage the various functions across the system.

Answer 30

Control Bus

Question 31

controls the direction of data on the data bus.

Answer 31

Read and write control lines

Question 32

allow 16, 32, and 64 bit processors to deal with smaller chunks of data.

Answer 32

Byte enable lines

Question 33

contains the memory address of the instruction to be executed

Answer 33

Program Counter

Question 34

holds the address of the location to or from which data | are to be transferred.

Answer 34

Memory Address Register

Question 35

contains the data to be written or read out of the | addressed location.

Answer 35

Memory Data Register

Question 36

contains the instruction that is being executed.

Answer 36

Instruction Register

Question 37

handles all synchronization within a computer system

Answer 37

System Clock

Question 38

is an electrical signal on the control bus which alternates between zero and one at a periodic rate.

Answer 38

System Clock

Question 39

is the frequency with which the system clock alternates | between zero and one.

Answer 39

System Clock frequency

Question 40

is the time it takes for the system clock to switch from zero to one and back to zero.

Answer 40

Clock Period

Question 41

One full period is also called a

Answer 41

Clock Cycle.

Question 42

is the number of clock cycles which occur each second.

Answer 42

Clock Frequency

Question 43

is the technical term meaning one cycle per second.

Answer 43

Hertz

Question 44

is the amount of time between a memory operation request | (read or write) and the time the memory operation completes.

Answer 44

Memory Access Time

Question 45

is an extra clock cycle to give some device time to complete an operation

Answer 45

Wait State

Question 46

is an additional circuitry which introduces | additional delays into the system.

Answer 46

The decoding and buffering logic

Question 47

are high speed memory elements that resides inside the Central Processing Unit or CPU.

Answer 47

Registers

Question 48

are used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU.

Answer 48

Registers

Question 49

holds the address of memory where CPU wants to read | or write data.

Answer 49

Memory Address Register

Question 50

holds the contents of data or instruction read from, or written in memory.

Answer 50

Memory Buffer Register

Question 51

is used to store data/instruction coming from the | memory or going to the memory.

Answer 51

Memory Buffer Register

Question 52

is used to specify the address of a particular I/O device.

Answer 52

I/O Address Register

Question 53

``` is used for exchanging data between the I/O module and the processor. ```

Answer 53

I/O Buffer Register

Question 54

is also known as Instruction Pointer Register.

Answer 54

Program Counter

Question 55

is used to store the address of the next instruction to be fetched for execution

Answer 55

Program Counter

Question 56

always points or holds the address of next instruction to be fetched

Answer 56

Program Counter

Question 57

takes instruction from the Instruction Register, decodes and executes it by sending signals to the appropriate component of computer to carry out the task.

Answer 57

The control unit

Question 58

is located inside the ALU, It is used during arithmetic & logical operations of ALU.

Answer 58

Accumulator Register

Question 59

holds the initial data to be operated upon, the intermediate results, and the final result of operation.

Answer 59

Accumulator Register

Question 60

represents a set of memory blocks

Answer 60

Stack

Question 61

is used to indicate occurrence of a certain condition during an operation of the CPU.

Answer 61

Flag register

Question 62

is used in microcomputers to temporarily store data being | transmitted to or from a peripheral device.

Answer 62

Data Register

Question 63

is an extensive collection of one bit values which help determine the current state of the processor

Answer 63

Flag Register

Question 64

reflects the result of the previous operation involving the ALU

Answer 64

A Conditional Flags

Question 65

controls the execution of special functions.

Answer 65

A Control Flag

Question 66

``` Sign Flag (SF), Zero Flag (ZF), Parity Flag (PF), Carry Flag(CF), Overflow Flag (OF) ```

Answer 66

Conditional Flags

Question 67

Direction Flag (DF) , Interrupt Enable Flag (IF) , Trap Flag (TF)

Answer 67

Control Flags

Question 68

transfers the contents of a specific MM location to the CPU. The word in the MM remains unchanged.

Answer 68

Fetch

Question 69

transfers the contents of a specific MM location to the CPU. The word in the MM remains unchanged.

Answer 69

Read

Question 70

transfers a word of information from the CPU to a specific MM location. This overwrites the former contents of that location.

Answer 70

Store

Question 71

transfers a word of information from the CPU to a specific MM location. This overwrites the former contents of that location

Answer 71

Write

Question 72

A word consumes X consecutive memory addresses.

Answer 72

two

Question 73

The address for the double word is the

Answer 73

address of its low-order byte.

Question 74

accesses a word and a double word by storing the low-order byte of a word at the address specified and the high-order byte at TH the next location.

Answer 74

The 80x86 family

Question 75

The 8086, 80186, 80286, and 80386sx processors have a

Answer 75

16 bit data bus.

Question 76

Accessing words at odd addresses on a 16 bit processor is X than accessing words at even addresses.

Answer 76

slower

Question 77

The 8088 and 80188 microprocessors have an X bit data bus.

Answer 77

eight

Question 78

Accessing 32 bit quantities always takes at least Xmemory operations on the 16 bit processors.

Answer 78

2

Question 79

If you access a 32 bit quantity at an odd address, the processor will require X memory operations to access the data

Answer 79

three