M2

Question 1

This transfers the contents of a specific MM

location to the CPU. The word in the MM remains X

Answer 1

Fetch or Read.

unchanged.

Question 2

Read/Fetch Cycle:

Answer 2

1. CPU sends address of the desired location.
2. MM reads the data stored at that address and sends it to
   the CPU.

Question 3

This transfers a word of information from
the CPU to a specific MM location. This X the
former contents of that location.

Answer 3

Store or Write.

overwrites

Question 4

Write/Store Cycle:

Answer 4

• 1. CPU sends address of the desired location to the
MM, together with the data to be stored into that
location.
• 2. Data is written at desired location.

Question 5

X accesses a word and a double
word by storing the low-order byte of a word at
the address specified and the high-order byte at
the next location.

Answer 5

80x86 family

Question 6

word consumes X consecutive

memory addresses.

Answer 6

two

Question 7

The 8088 and 80188 microprocessors have an X
bit data bus. This means that the CPU can transfer
X

Answer 7

eight

eight bits of data at a time.

Question 8

Discrete Structures 1
The 8086, 80186, 80286, and
80386sx processors have a X bit
data bus.

Answer 8

16

Question 9

processors that have a 16 bit data bus organize memory into two blanks

Answer 9

even bank and

an odd bank

Question 10

X means that programs
(together with data) are stored in main memory during
execution.

Answer 10

Von Neumann Architecture

Question 11

contains the
memory address of the instruction to be
executed.

Answer 11

PC (Program Counter)

Question 12

holds
the address of the location to or from which
data are to be transferred.

Answer 12

MAR (Memory Address Register)

Question 13

contains
the data to be written or read out of the
addressed location.

Answer 13

MDR (Memory Data Register)

Question 14

contains the

instruction that is being executed.

Answer 14

IR (Instruction Register)

Question 15

On Von Neumann machines like the 80x86, most operations are

Answer 15

serialized.

Question 16

This

means that the computer executes commands in a prescribed order.

Answer 16

serialized.

Question 17

handles all synchronization within a computer system.

Answer 17

system clock

Question 18

is an electrical signal on the control bus which alternates between
zero and one at a periodic rate

Answer 18

system clock

Question 19

The frequency with which the system clock alternates

between zero and one is the system clock frequency.

Answer 19

system clock

Question 20

The time it takes for the system clock to switch from zero to
one and back to zero is the

Answer 20

clock period.

Question 21

One full clock period is

also called a

Answer 21

clock cycle.

Question 22

The clock frequency is simply the X

which occur each second.

Answer 22

number of clock cycles

Question 23

is the technical term meaning one cycle per

second.

Answer 23

“Hertz” (Hz)

Question 24

is definitely an operation synchronized around the

system clock.

Answer 24

Memory access

Question 25

is the amount of time between a memory operation request (read or write) and the time the memory operation completes.

Answer 25

Memory access time

Question 26

Different 80x86 processors have different memory access times ranging X clock cycles

Answer 26

from one to four

Question 27

is nothing more than an extra clock cycle to give some | device time to complete an operation.

Answer 27

wait state

Question 28

n most computer systems there is an additional circuitry between the CPU and memory:

Answer 28

The decoding and buffering logic.

Question 29

are high speed memory elements that resides inside the | Central Processing Unit or CPU.

Answer 29

Registers

Question 30

are used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and | instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU.

Answer 30

Registers

Question 31

X are the top of the memory hierarchy, and are the fastest way for the system to manipulate data.

Answer 31

registers

Question 32

This register holds the address of | memory where CPU wants to read or write data.

Answer 32

Memory Address Register (MAR):

Question 33

When CPU wants to store some data in the memory or reads the data from the memory, it places the address of the required memory location in the

Answer 33

Memory Address Register (MAR):

Question 34

This register holds the contents of | data or instruction read from, or written in memory.

Answer 34

Memory Buffer Register (MBR):

Question 35

this register is used to store data/instruction coming from the memory or going to the memory

Answer 35

Memory Buffer Register (MBR):

Question 36

is used to specify | the address of a particular I/O device.

Answer 36

I/O Address Register (I/O AR):

Question 37

``` is used for exchanging data between the I/O module and the processor. ```

Answer 37

I/O Buffer Register (I/O BR):

Question 38

is also known as | Instruction Pointer Register.

Answer 38

Program Counter (PC) register

Question 39

This register is used to store the | address of the next instruction to be fetched for execution.

Answer 39

Program Counter (PC) register

Question 40

When the instruction is fetched, the value of IP is incremented. Thus this register always points or holds the address of next instruction to be fetched

Answer 40

Program Counter (PC) register

Question 41

Once an instruction is fetched from main | memory, it is stored in the

Answer 41

Instruction Register. (IR)

Question 42

is located | inside the ALU

Answer 42

Accumulator Register(AC):

Question 43

It is used during arithmetic & logical operations of | ALU.

Answer 43

Accumulator Register(AC):

Question 44

This register holds the initial data to be operated upon, the intermediate results, and the final result of operation.

Answer 44

Accumulator Register(AC):

Question 45

represents a set of memory | blocks

Answer 45

stack

Question 46

is | used to manage the stacks in memory.

Answer 46

Stack Control Register

Question 47

is used to indicate occurrence of | a certain condition during an operation of the CPU.

Answer 47

Flag register

Question 48

t is a special | purpose register with size one byte or two bytes.

Answer 48

Flag register

Question 49

A register used in microcomputers to temporarily store data being transmitted to or from a peripheral device.

Answer 49

Data Register(DR):

Question 50

is an extensive collection of one bit values which | help determine the current state of the processor.

Answer 50

flags register

Question 51

16 bits wide | register, it uses only nine of those bits.

Answer 51

flags register

Question 52

reflect the result of the previous operation | involving the ALU.

Answer 52

Conditional Flags -

Question 53

they control the execution of special functions

Answer 53

Control Flags -