Sa-ilud at Sa-raya complex Flashcards
2 Aspeto o Katangian ng bayan
Tao at Lugar
komunidad sa gilid ng bundok
Nayon
3 Uri ng Sinaunang Pamayanan
Sa-ilud at Sa-raya, Kampong, Pueblo
Katangian ng Tulisan
Di nagbabayad ng tributo;
Ipinamimigay ang biyaya sa komunidad;
Walang nakristyanong pangalan;
Bagama’t di nakapag-aral nagigitla ang taong-bayan sa kanilang katapangan at kakayahan;
Ang iba ay nagiging bahagi ng alamat o kuwentong bayan
Halimbawa ng tawag sa mga Tulisan
Vagabundo, Mandarambong; Pulajanes, Colorum, Hukbalahap; Rebelde; NPA; etc.
komunidad sa wawa ng ilog sa tabing dagat (ilawud)
Sa-ilud
komunidad na pinagmumulan ng ilog sa bundok (ilaya)
Sa-raya
Halimbawa ng Sa-ilud at Sa-raya
Manila-Laguna Complex
matatagpuan sa 3 uri ng pamayanan sa buong kapuluan.
bahay-kubo
binubuo ng 30-100 pamilya
barangay
pakikipag-ugnay at kalakal sa ibang mga barangay ay tinatawag na
Kalipunan o Kompederasyon
pagtutulungan ng walang hinihinging kapalit.
Bayanihan
4 na Panglipunang Istruktura
Maguinoo, Maharlika, Timawa/Malaya, Alipin
Halimbawa ng Raja
Rajamudah Datto at asawa
nobilidad, tagapayo ng Raja
Maharlika
Ang mga maharlika ay mga ___ at ___
tagalog, bisaya
walang pribilehiyo ng maharlika, ngunit wala rin namang katungkulang magsilbi tulad ng alipin; mangangalakal
Malaya/Timawa
2 uri ng alipin
Namamahay (tumarampu) at Saguiguilif (Ayuey)
maaaring magkaroon ng ari-arian, hindi maaaring ipagbili
Namamahay o Tumarampu (bisaya)
walang ari-arian, di maaaring ipagbili maliban kung huli sa digma
Saguiguilid o
Ayuey (bisaya)
Nagiging alipin dahil sa…
- pagkakautang
- huli sa digma
- alipin nang ipinanganak
ang magpapahina sa sistema ng kamag-anakan o kaya ay nakapag-uugnay….
salungatan
halimbawa ng salungatan
nakakatanda – nakakabata; pinuno-pinamumunuan
Ang salungatan ay nakakapagisa ng komunidad sa pamamagitan nito
- Lihim na Kodigo
- Alamat, Bugtong, mga Talinhaga
- Ambahan
2 Sistema ng Kaasahan (dependence)
Handaan at Handugan
Pamuling pamudmuod (redistributive principle) , Tangkilik ng Datu (Datu Patronage)
Mga uri: Pamuling pamudmuod (redistributive principle)
a. Kawitang Palakol
b. Namatayan
c. Tagatustos-nanunustos (patron-client)
d. Dote o Bigay-kaya
kabuuang kaluluwa ng mga ninuno o anito
Anituismo
Anito ng mga Ifugao
bul-ol
Bathala ay kilala din sa pangalang:
kabunian, lumawig, laon, mayari, at iba pa
pinuno ng barangay, ekonomiya, may-ari ng balangay, pinakamatapang na mandirigma, matalino
Hari (datu, raja, lakan)
tagahulma ng mga gamit pandigma, pangagrikultura at teknolohiya
Panday (blacksmith)
babaylan aka
catalonan
Ang babaylan ay:
- kadalasan babae
- proto-scientits, doktor
- astronomer, agriculturist
- astrologer, historyador
- tagapayo sa hari
- tagapagtago ng sikolohiyang Filipino: kaluluwa at ginhawa
ano ang nangyari sa catalonan
- pagpapatuloy ng tradisyon ng babaylanismo
- umakyat sa kabundukan at sinimulan ang tradisyon ng paghihimagsik
- naging mga manang sa simbahan
- aswang
Ang paglalarawan ng sinaunang pamayanan ay isang imbentaryo ng kulturang sumibol sa _______.
katubigan
Laguna Copperplate Inscription natagpuan taong
1987
Ferdinand Magellan’s shipmates, ______________, wrote that the people of the Visayas were not literate in 1521
Antonio Pigafetta
by 1567 when ___________ reported that, “They [the Visayans] have their letters and characters like those of the Malays, from whom they learned them.
Miguel López de Legazpi
A Jesuit priest, Father ________wrote in 1604 that: So accustomed are all these islanders to writing and reading that there is scarcely a man, and much less a woman, who cannot read and write in the letters proper to the island of Manila.
Pedro Chirino
Dr. ____________, a Spanish magistrate in the Philippines echoed Chirino’s enthusiasm in 1609:
Antonio de Morga
historian ________ managed to turn up several examples from the 1590s of datus who could not sign affidavits or oaths
William H. Scott
Filipinos wrote on many different materials
leaves, palm fronds, tree bark and fruit rinds, but the most common material was bamboo.
writing tools or panulat were the
points of daggers or small pieces of iron
in ________’s collection, known as the Boxer Codex, there is an anonymous report from 1590 that described their method of writing, which is still used today by the tribes of Mindoro and Palawan to write their own script:
Charles R. Boxer
Once the letters were carved into the bamboo, it was wiped with ___
ash
This name for the old Filipino script appeared in one of the earliest Philippine language dictionaries ever published
Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala of 1613
Early Spanish accounts usually called the baybayin as
“Tagalog letters” or “Tagalog writing
Visayans called Baybayin as:
Bikolanas called the script as___; the letters___
Moro wiriting, basahan, guhit
Common name for baybayin is alibata by
Paul Rodriguez Verzosa
coined this word in 1914 in the New York Public Library, Manuscript Research Division, basing it on the ________ arrangement of letters of the alphabet after the Arabic: alif, ba, ta (alibata),
Maguindanao (Moro)
T or F: no evidence of the baybayin was ever found in that part of the Philippines (Maguindnao)
True
Many of the writing systems of Southeast Asia descended from ancient scripts used in _____
India
shapes of the baybayin characters bear a slight resemblance to the ancient ____script of Java, Indonesia
Kavi
a dot above the letter represents
e or i
dot below represents
o or u
During the 17th century CE, in order to more fully represent Spanish loanwords, especially those used to translate the Bible, the Spanish priest Father __________ introduced a new kudlit in the form of the plus sign or cross (+)
Francisco López
T or F: the advent of the baybayin in the Philippines was considered a fairly recent event in the 16th century
True
plus sign or cross (+) which if placed under a letter…
removes a vowel
lalaking babaylan
bayok
