SA Dentistry Flashcards
What oral abnormality should be checked for in neonates?
cleft palate
What are the main things to check for in 8 week old puppy/kitten check up?
- number of teeth
- malocclusion
How should the maxillary and mandibular incisors align?
Maxillary incisors in front of mandibular
How should maxillar yand mandibular canines align?
Mandibular IN FRONT of maxillary
How should the premolars interdigitate?
Zig-zag
How should the posterior teeth (Maxill PM 4 and mandib M1) interdigitate?
Upper PM 4 should be buccal to mandibular M1
What is lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth often seen in conjunction with?
Mandibular distoclusion (short mandible)
How may lingually displaced mandibular canines affect the dog?
-> painful impingment into the palate -> bone resorption and periodontal disease or food impactino
Is mixed dentition normal?
Yes - both deciduous and permenant teeth present while animal is teething
When does mixed dentition become pathological?
-> persistent deciduous teeth -> malocclusion and periodontal disease
What should always be done prior to persistent deciduous tooth extraction?
Check for amount of root remaining (hasn’t been resorpbed) to avoid leaving fragments in jaw
Which teeth are most commonly seen as supernumery teeth?
- incisors or PMs
Why may supernumery teeth be a problem>
- crowding -> periodontal disease
- some only of cosmetic concernt
Why may teeth be seen to be missing? How can this be diagnosed?
- Hypodontia (congential absence of some teeth, common)
- oligodontia (no teeth, rare)
- Impacted or embedded tooth (lack of eruption)
- Previous extraction
- Traumatic crown fx below gingival margin
> dental xray
What developmental defect of enamel may be seen?
Enamel hypoplasia (enamel develops prior to eruption, noxious event occouring during tooth development -> lack of enamel)
Give 4 trauma induced dental problems
- Abrasion eg. tennis balls
- Attrition: tooth on tooth contact eg. bull terriers and st. Bernard skull shape changes -> malocclusion
- intrinsic staining due to blunt trauma “pink tooth”
- Fx - with pulp exposure, root fx, crown and root fx, chip-fx with no pulp exposure, pulpal blush (pink point showing through dentin)
Which trauma induced dental problem does not require treatment?
Chip fracture
What may abrasion or attrition lead to production of?
Reparative dentin (more disorganised structure -> brownish colour) OR pulp exposure if worn down too fast
How can pulp exposure be differentiated from reparative dentin?
Try to sink a sharp explorer into hole (under GA!) -> will not penetrate reparative dentin
How may pulp exposure be differentiated from reparative dentin observationally?
Reparative dentin often many teeth affected, wear appears smooth
What cells secrete dentin?
odontoblasts
Why may fractures be missed on clinical exam?
May be covered in calculus (more retentive because surface is rougher)
- esp upper 4th PM
- check for symmetrical calculus formation
Where are draining sinus tracts often located? How may they be explored?
Muco-gingival junction (epithelium weakest)
- can be explored with blunt tip or periodontal probe
Should fractured teeth be left in if not causing a problem?
NO !
- only a matter of time before periapical pathology develops -> abscessation
- can be excruciating
When will strongest pain symptoms be seen with tooth fx? Can a tooth fx pass unnoticed by the owner?
- Immediately after trauma OR when a tooth root abscess has formed
- Fx may be found incidentally on clinical exam
What may be seen radiologically with tooth root infection?
- Periapical radiolucency (halo)
- bulbous shape
- loss of lamina dura (thin white line of alveolar bone around tooth roots)
What are the 2 stages of treatment for a fractured tooth?
- On first presentation (supportive)
- Analgesia
- ABs if abscess present or young dog trying to preserve tooth for specialist treatment - Definitive treatment (therapeutic)
- extraction
- vital pulp treatment
- root canal therapy
What are the Ddx for an oral mass lesion?
- neoplasia (benign, benign and aggressive, malignant)
- hyperplasia
- cyst
- haemotoma
How can an oral mass lesion be diagnosed?
- diagnostic imaging and biopsy
How may an oral neoplasia present other than a mass?
Destructive lesion
What signs may a mass show on radiography? What wiould these indicate?
- Ossification within mass?
- Normal jaw bone structure?
What is the technical name for a gingival mass?
Epulis or peripheral odontogenic fibroma
Look at ppt for further info and definitions
