SA Dentistry

Question 1

What oral abnormality should be checked for in neonates?

Answer 1

cleft palate

Question 2

What are the main things to check for in 8 week old puppy/kitten check up?

Answer 2

• number of teeth

- malocclusion

Question 3

How should the maxillary and mandibular incisors align?

Answer 3

Maxillary incisors in front of mandibular

Question 4

How should maxillar yand mandibular canines align?

Answer 4

Mandibular IN FRONT of maxillary

Question 5

How should the premolars interdigitate?

Answer 5

Zig-zag

Question 6

How should the posterior teeth (Maxill PM 4 and mandib M1) interdigitate?

Answer 6

Upper PM 4 should be buccal to mandibular M1

Question 7

What is lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth often seen in conjunction with?

Answer 7

Mandibular distoclusion (short mandible)

Question 8

How may lingually displaced mandibular canines affect the dog?

Answer 8

-> painful impingment into the palate -> bone resorption and periodontal disease or food impactino

Question 9

Is mixed dentition normal?

Answer 9

Yes - both deciduous and permenant teeth present while animal is teething

Question 10

When does mixed dentition become pathological?

Answer 10

-> persistent deciduous teeth -> malocclusion and periodontal disease

Question 11

What should always be done prior to persistent deciduous tooth extraction?

Answer 11

Check for amount of root remaining (hasn’t been resorpbed) to avoid leaving fragments in jaw

Question 12

Which teeth are most commonly seen as supernumery teeth?

Answer 12

• incisors or PMs

Question 13

Why may supernumery teeth be a problem>

Answer 13

• crowding -> periodontal disease

- some only of cosmetic concernt

Question 14

Why may teeth be seen to be missing? How can this be diagnosed?

Answer 14

• Hypodontia (congential absence of some teeth, common)
• oligodontia (no teeth, rare)
• Impacted or embedded tooth (lack of eruption)
• Previous extraction
• Traumatic crown fx below gingival margin
  > dental xray

Question 15

What developmental defect of enamel may be seen?

Answer 15

Enamel hypoplasia (enamel develops prior to eruption, noxious event occouring during tooth development -> lack of enamel)

Question 16

Give 4 trauma induced dental problems

Answer 16

1. Abrasion eg. tennis balls
2. Attrition: tooth on tooth contact eg. bull terriers and st. Bernard skull shape changes -> malocclusion
3. intrinsic staining due to blunt trauma “pink tooth”
4. Fx - with pulp exposure, root fx, crown and root fx, chip-fx with no pulp exposure, pulpal blush (pink point showing through dentin)

Question 17

Which trauma induced dental problem does not require treatment?

Answer 17

Chip fracture

Question 18

What may abrasion or attrition lead to production of?

Answer 18

Reparative dentin (more disorganised structure -> brownish colour) 
OR pulp exposure if worn down too fast

Question 19

How can pulp exposure be differentiated from reparative dentin?

Answer 19

Try to sink a sharp explorer into hole (under GA!) -> will not penetrate reparative dentin

Question 20

How may pulp exposure be differentiated from reparative dentin observationally?

Answer 20

Reparative dentin often many teeth affected, wear appears smooth

Question 21

What cells secrete dentin?

Answer 21

odontoblasts

Question 22

Why may fractures be missed on clinical exam?

Answer 22

May be covered in calculus (more retentive because surface is rougher)

• esp upper 4th PM
• check for symmetrical calculus formation

Question 23

Where are draining sinus tracts often located? How may they be explored?

Answer 23

Muco-gingival junction (epithelium weakest)

- can be explored with blunt tip or periodontal probe

Question 24

Should fractured teeth be left in if not causing a problem?

Answer 24

NO !

• only a matter of time before periapical pathology develops -> abscessation
• can be excruciating

Question 25

When will strongest pain symptoms be seen with tooth fx? Can a tooth fx pass unnoticed by the owner?

Answer 25

• Immediately after trauma OR when a tooth root abscess has formed
• Fx may be found incidentally on clinical exam

Question 26

What may be seen radiologically with tooth root infection?

Answer 26

• Periapical radiolucency (halo)
• bulbous shape
• loss of lamina dura (thin white line of alveolar bone around tooth roots)

Question 27

What are the 2 stages of treatment for a fractured tooth?

Answer 27

1. On first presentation (supportive)
   - Analgesia
   - ABs if abscess present or young dog trying to preserve tooth for specialist treatment
2. Definitive treatment (therapeutic)
   - extraction
   - vital pulp treatment
   - root canal therapy

Question 28

What are the Ddx for an oral mass lesion?

Answer 28

• neoplasia (benign, benign and aggressive, malignant)
• hyperplasia
• cyst
• haemotoma

Question 29

How can an oral mass lesion be diagnosed?

Answer 29

• diagnostic imaging and biopsy

Question 30

How may an oral neoplasia present other than a mass?

Answer 30

Destructive lesion

Question 31

What signs may a mass show on radiography? What wiould these indicate?

Answer 31

• Ossification within mass?

- Normal jaw bone structure?

Question 32

What is the technical name for a gingival mass?

Answer 32

Epulis or peripheral odontogenic fibroma

Question 33

Look at ppt for further info and definitions