S7 Flashcards
Why is prevention better than cure?
Reduces pressures on the NHS, social care, and other public services including crime, justice & welfare- making NHS more sustainable for future generation
What is primordial prevention?
Uses health promotion/improvement strategies to eliminate risk factors in the general population. Concerned with avoiding the emergence and establishment of the social, economic and cultural patterns of living that are known to contribute to an elevated risk of disease
What is primary prevention?
Uses disease prevention/screening to reduce risk of disease in susceptible population e.g. vaccination, smoking cessation, physical fitness, road safety
What is secondary prevention?
Uses screening/treatment to slow the progression of disease in asymptomatic population. Assumes that earlier intervention will be more effective, and that the disease can be slowed or reversed
What is tertiary prevention?
Uses treatment/rehabilitation to minimise consequences of disease in symptomatic patients. Concerned with arresting the progress of an established disease and to control its negative consequences.
What is the socio-ecological model of prevention?
Model to understand he effect of potential prevention strategies and considers the complex interplay between individual, relationship, institutions & organisations, community and structures & systems.
What are the four factors in the health promotion model?
Health persuasion, legislative action, personal counselling and community development.
What are the strategies for health promotion?
Policy, legislation and systems change, community development and health communication
How can Policy, legislation and systems change be used for health promotion?
Social policy- bans e.g smoking ban in public places, taxation or other approaches to discourage health harming behaviours, reducing availability
How can community development be used for health promotion?
Priorities set by the community, consultation with local faith leaders
How can health communication be used for health promotion?
Health related information needs to be received, understood, change attitude or belief and stimulate behavioural change
Illustrate some of the dilemmas raised by health promotion activities, especially those that focus on individual behaviour;
Psychological impact of health promotion messages
health is not just the individual: impact of wider socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health
fallacy of empowerment: giving people generic information does not automatically give them power to act on healthier choices
reinforcement of negative stereotypes
unequal distribution of responsibility- family health behaviours left up to the women
What is the prevention paradox?
People don’t see themselves as a candidate for a disease they may not take on board the health promotion messages. Awareness of anomalies and randomness of disease will also impact on views about candidacy
What are the five segments in health promotion in action?
Medical or preventive, behaviour change, educational, empowerment, social change (law, community)
Outline the difficulties of evaluating outcomes of health promotion.
Demonstrating an attributable effect is difficult because design of the intervention, possible lag time to effect, many potential intervening or concurrent confounding factors, high cost of evaluation research- studies are likely to be large scale and long term
