S6 Intracranial tumours Flashcards
Which intracranial tumours are the most common?
Gliomas and meningiomas.
Which tumours are most common in children, and which in adults?
Children: Cerebellar, PNET
Adults: Cerebrum, Glioma, Meningioma
Which tumours are most common in males vs females?
Males: gliomas
Female: meningiomas
What are the four types of glial cells and what do they do?
Astrocytes - support
Oligodendrocytes - myelin
Ependymal cells - CSF
Microglia - defence
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumour treatment?
Both: surgery
Malignant: + adjuvant therapy
What are the four histological criteria for malignancy in brain tumours?
Cellular density and atypic.
Mitotic activity.
Necrosis.
Vascular proliferation.
What is the median survival of astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma?
80 months
30 months
10 months
Who do pilocytic astrocytomas commonly occur in?
Children, cerebellum.
What is the histology of oligodendrogliomas?
Round uniform nuclei with clear cytoplasm (fried-egg appearance).
Aborising capillaries (chicken wire).
Calcifications.
What are the three types of nerve sheath tumours?
Spindle-cell tumours.
Schwannoma. (loose and dense, reticulin rich)
Neurofibroma. (collagen rich)
Which familial mutations increase the risk of brain tumours?
NF1, NF2.
How do astrocytomas develop?
Astrocyte to
Astrocytoma to
Anaplastic astrocytoma to
Glioblastoma
What is MGMT promotor methylation predictive of?
Glioblastoma response to chemo and radio.
What is 1p/19q deletion associated with?
Glial tumour prognosis.
What is the IDH1/IDH2 mutation a marker for?
Diagnostic for II and III gliomas, secondly glioblastomas and primary glioblastomas. Associated with better prognosis.
