Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection * > S6 Hepatitis > Flashcards

S6 Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can hepatitis be caused by?

A
  • systemic viruses e.g. EBV, CMV, VZV

* hepatitis viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the routes of transmission of Hepatitis B and C?

A

B - blood/sex/vertical

C - blood (sex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the incubation times for hepatitis B and C?

A

B - 6 weeks to 6 months

C - 6 to 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can hepatitis B and C be chronic illnesses?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the viral structure of hepatitis C?

A

RNA, single-stranded, enveloped, icosahedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the viral structure of hepatitis B?

A

DNA, double stranded, enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the liver function tests you would carry out? Which of these do you test for viral hepatitis B?

A
  • bilirubin
  • liver transaminases (ALT and AST)
  • alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
  • albumin
  • coagulation tests

The first 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of jaundice suggests viral hepatitis?

A

Cholestatic - intrahepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of acute hepatitis B?

A
  • jaundice
  • fatigue
  • abdominal pain
  • anorexia/nausea/vomiting
  • arthralgia (joint pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In how many cases does acute hepatitis B become chronic?

A

In less than 10% of cases in those infected as adults, 90% if infected in infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of chronic hepatitis B infection?

A

Persistence of HBsAg (hep B surface antigens) after 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What liver conditions can chronic hepatitis B lead on to?

A

Cirrhosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the natural progression for clearing of hepatitis B?

A
  1. Surface antigen
  2. E-antigen
  3. Core antibody (IgM)
  4. E-antibody
  5. Surface antibody
  6. Core antibody (IgG)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for hepatitis B? Is it curable?

A

It isn’t curable

Use life-long antivirals to suppress the viral replication, however some don’t need these - some are inactive carriers who can keep the levels of virus low naturally (they just need to be monitored)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the hepatitis B vaccine like? How many doses do you need? What sort of response does it produce?

A

A genetically engineered surface antigen

3 doses + a booster

Produces a surface antibody response

17
Q

Will a person test positive or negative for surface antigen, core antibody and surface antibody in acute hepatitis B infection?

A

Surface antigen - positive
Core antibody - positive (IgM)
Surface antibody - positive or negative

18
Q

Will a person test positive or negative for surface antigen, core antibody and surface antibody in past/cleared hepatitis B infection?

A

Surface antigen - negative
Core antibody - positive (IgG)
Surface antibody - positive

19
Q

Will a person test positive or negative for surface antigen, core antibody and surface antibody in chronic hepatitis B infection?

A

Surface antigen - positive
Core antibody - positive (IgG)
Surface antibody - negative

20
Q

Will a person test positive or negative for surface antigen, core antibody and surface antibody in someone who is never infected, vaccinated?

A

Surface antigen - negative
Core antibody - negative
Surface antibody - positive

21
Q

How many people become chronically infected from a hepatitis C infection?

A

80%

22
Q

What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?

A
  • most have no symptoms (chronic/acute)

* few have vague symptoms - fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain

23
Q

What do blood tests for hepatitis C show?

A
  • serology - anti-hepatitis C antibody only
  • person remains positive for life even after cure/clearance
  • viral PCR - if positive confirms chronic infection
24
Q

What is the treatment for hepatitis C? Can it be cured?

A

It can be cured

Use a directly acting antiviral drug combo for 8-12 weeks with over 90% chance of cure but can become reinfected and is very expensive

There’s no vaccine

25
Q

Out of HIV, Hep C and Hep B, which ones have the highest and lowest risk for transmission from needle stick injury?

A

Highest - Hep B (1/3)

Lowest - HIV (1/300)

Infection * (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions