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Chemistry > S4 - Chemistry Test (1) > Flashcards

S4 - Chemistry Test (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction?

A

A new substance/substances are formed and the reactants turn to products

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2
Q

What is the rate of reaction?

A

The measure of how fast or slow a chemical reaction takes place/products are produced

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3
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which speeds up the rate of reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction

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4
Q

What are the four factors which affect the rate of reaction?

A
  • Concentration
  • Particle size
  • Temperature
  • Use of a catalyst
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5
Q

What is the equation to find the average rate of reaction?

A

Av. rate = Change in product / Change in time

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6
Q

Name the seven diatomic elements

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
  • Iodine
  • Chlorine
  • Bromine
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7
Q

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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8
Q

Where are the electrons in an atom?

A

In the shell/orbiting the nucleus

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9
Q

What is the mass of each particle that makes up an atom?

A

Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
Electron = 0

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10
Q

What is the charge of each particle in an atom?

A

Proton = positive
Neutron = none
Electron = negative

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11
Q

How do we tell what the atomic no. of an atom is?

A

The no. of protons it contains

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12
Q

How do we tell what the mass no. of an atom is?

A

The no. of protons + neutrons

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13
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

They contain the same no. of protons and electrons (+ & -)

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14
Q

How can we find the no. of neutrons in an atom

A

Mass no. - atomic no.

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15
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same atomic no. but different mass no.

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16
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A

They have similar chemical properties

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17
Q

In nuclide notation, what do the no. on top and below the element represent?

A

On top: Mass no.
Below: Atomic no.

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of radiation?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
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19
Q

Why are atoms radioactive?

A

Their nuclei are unstable

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20
Q

What are the masses and the charges of the different types of radiation?

A

Alpha: 4, +2
Beta: 0, -1
Gamma: 0, 0

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21
Q

What is the penetrating power and the objects that stop the different types of radiations?

A

Alpha: Short, Paper
Beta: Medium, Aluminium
Gamma: Long, Lead or concrete

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22
Q

What is the half life of an atom?

A

The time taken for the number/mass or radioactive atoms in a substance to drop by half

23
Q

What is the valency of an atom equal to?

A

The no. of electrons needed to form a full outer shell

24
Q

What 2 types of molecules does ionic bonding occur between?

A

Non-metal and metal

25
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

26
Q

What does “Covalent Molecular” mean?

A

When strong covalent bonds hold atoms together but there are weak attractions between the molecules

27
Q

What does “Covalent Network” mean?

A

When strong covalent bonds hold the whole structure together

28
Q

Can covalent networks be dissolved?

A

No

29
Q

What name is given to a molecule with…atoms?
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

A
  • Linear
  • Angular
  • Pyramidal
  • Tetrahedral
30
Q

What is the definition of “valency”?

A

The no. of bonds that an atom of an element can form with other atoms

31
Q

What no. do the following prefixes equate to?
- Mono
- Di
- Tetra
- Hexa
-Penta
- Tri

A
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6
  • 5
  • 3
32
Q

What are ions?

A

Particles with a positive or negative charge

33
Q

What holds ionic compounds together?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction

34
Q

What is an ionic lattice?

A

A regular arrangement of ions where each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ones.

35
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
  • Strong
  • Conduct electricity and heat
  • All solids except mercury
  • Ductile
  • Malleable
  • Shiny (lustre)
36
Q

What does it mean when electrons are delocalised and what type of bonding does it occur in?

A
  • When the outer electrons are no longer attached to any single atom but are attracted to all positive cores in every direction
  • Metallic bonding
37
Q

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

Only when molten or in a solution as the ions are free to move

38
Q

Can covalent compounds conduct?
What is the exception to this?

A

No
Graphite

39
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A continuous scale which gives a measure of how acidic or alkaline something is

40
Q

What are the salt names for the following:
- Hydrochloric
- Nitric
- Sulphuric
- Carbonic
- Phosphoric

A
  • Chloride
  • Nitrate
  • Sulphate
  • Carbonate
  • Phosphate
41
Q

What are some common acids in chemistry?
What is their formula?

A

Hydrochloric acid - HCl

Sulfuric acid - H2SO4

Nitric acid - HNO3

Phosphoric acid - H3PO4

Ethanoic acid - CH3COOH

42
Q

What are some common alkalis in chemistry?
What are their formulas?

A

Sodium hydroxide - NaOH

Potassium hydroxide - KOH

Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2

43
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

44
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A substance with a higher concentration or hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

45
Q

What is pH?

A

The measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance

46
Q

What solutions do soluble non-metal oxides form?

A

Acidic solutions

47
Q

What solutions do soluble metal oxides form?

A

Alkaline solutions

48
Q

What reacts in a neutralisation reaction?

A

An acid and a base

49
Q

What is always formed in a neutralisation reaction?

A

A salt

50
Q

What is a salt?

A

An ionic compound in which the hydrogen ion of the acid has been replaced with a metal ion

51
Q

What is a base?

A

A material that can neutralise an acid

52
Q

Name the different types of bases

A
  • Metal oxides
  • Metal hydroxides
  • Metal carbonates
  • Ammonia
53
Q

What is produced when … (base) are used to neutralise an acid?
- Metal oxides
- Metal hydroxides
- Metal carbonates
- Metals

A
  • Salt + water
  • Salt + water
  • Salt + water +Carbon dioxide
  • Salt + Hydrogen
54
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a reaction

Chemistry (7 decks)

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