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Chemistry > S4 - Chemistry Test (1) > Flashcards

S4 - Chemistry Test (1) Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction?

A

A new substance/substances are formed and the reactants turn to products

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2
Q

What is the rate of reaction?

A

The measure of how fast or slow a chemical reaction takes place/products are produced

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3
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which speeds up the rate of reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction

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4
Q

What are the four factors which affect the rate of reaction?

A
  • Concentration
  • Particle size
  • Temperature
  • Use of a catalyst
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5
Q

What is the equation to find the average rate of reaction?

A

Av. rate = Change in product / Change in time

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6
Q

Name the seven diatomic elements

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
  • Iodine
  • Chlorine
  • Bromine
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7
Q

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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8
Q

Where are the electrons in an atom?

A

In the shell/orbiting the nucleus

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9
Q

What is the mass of each particle that makes up an atom?

A

Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
Electron = 0

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10
Q

What is the charge of each particle in an atom?

A

Proton = positive
Neutron = none
Electron = negative

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11
Q

How do we tell what the atomic no. of an atom is?

A

The no. of protons it contains

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12
Q

How do we tell what the mass no. of an atom is?

A

The no. of protons + neutrons

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13
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

They contain the same no. of protons and electrons (+ & -)

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14
Q

How can we find the no. of neutrons in an atom

A

Mass no. - atomic no.

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15
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same atomic no. but different mass no.

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16
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A

They have similar chemical properties

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17
Q

In nuclide notation, what do the no. on top and below the element represent?

A

On top: Mass no.
Below: Atomic no.

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of radiation?

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
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19
Q

Why are atoms radioactive?

A

Their nuclei are unstable

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20
Q

What are the masses and the charges of the different types of radiation?

A

Alpha: 4, +2
Beta: 0, -1
Gamma: 0, 0

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21
Q

What is the penetrating power and the objects that stop the different types of radiations?

A

Alpha: Short, Paper
Beta: Medium, Aluminium
Gamma: Long, Lead or concrete

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22
Q

What is the half life of an atom?

A

The time taken for the number/mass or radioactive atoms in a substance to drop by half

23
Q

What is the valency of an atom equal to?

A

The no. of electrons needed to form a full outer shell

24
Q

What 2 types of molecules does ionic bonding occur between?

A

Non-metal and metal

25
What is a molecule?
A group of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
26
What does "Covalent Molecular" mean?
When strong covalent bonds hold atoms together but there are weak attractions between the molecules
27
What does "Covalent Network" mean?
When strong covalent bonds hold the whole structure together
28
Can covalent networks be dissolved?
No
29
What name is given to a molecule with...atoms? - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
- Linear - Angular - Pyramidal - Tetrahedral
30
What is the definition of "valency"?
The no. of bonds that an atom of an element can form with other atoms
31
What no. do the following prefixes equate to? - Mono - Di - Tetra - Hexa -Penta - Tri
- 1 - 2 - 4 - 6 - 5 - 3
32
What are ions?
Particles with a positive or negative charge
33
What holds ionic compounds together?
The electrostatic force of attraction
34
What is an ionic lattice?
A regular arrangement of ions where each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ones.
35
What are the properties of metals?
- Strong - Conduct electricity and heat - All solids except mercury - Ductile - Malleable - Shiny (lustre)
36
What does it mean when electrons are delocalised and what type of bonding does it occur in?
- When the outer electrons are no longer attached to any single atom but are attracted to all positive cores in every direction - Metallic bonding
37
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Only when molten or in a solution as the ions are free to move
38
Can covalent compounds conduct? What is the exception to this?
No Graphite
39
What is the pH scale?
A continuous scale which gives a measure of how acidic or alkaline something is
40
What are the salt names for the following: - Hydrochloric - Nitric - Sulphuric - Carbonic - Phosphoric
- Chloride - Nitrate - Sulphate - Carbonate - Phosphate
41
What are some common acids in chemistry? What is their formula?
Hydrochloric acid - HCl Sulfuric acid - H2SO4 Nitric acid - HNO3 Phosphoric acid - H3PO4 Ethanoic acid - CH3COOH
42
What are some common alkalis in chemistry? What are their formulas?
Sodium hydroxide - NaOH Potassium hydroxide - KOH Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
43
What is an acid?
A substance with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
44
What is an alkali?
A substance with a higher concentration or hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
45
What is pH?
The measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance
46
What solutions do soluble non-metal oxides form?
Acidic solutions
47
What solutions do soluble metal oxides form?
Alkaline solutions
48
What reacts in a neutralisation reaction?
An acid and a base
49
What is always formed in a neutralisation reaction?
A salt
50
What is a salt?
An ionic compound in which the hydrogen ion of the acid has been replaced with a metal ion
51
What is a base?
A material that can neutralise an acid
52
Name the different types of bases
- Metal oxides - Metal hydroxides - Metal carbonates - Ammonia
53
What is produced when ... (base) are used to neutralise an acid? - Metal oxides - Metal hydroxides - Metal carbonates - Metals
- Salt + water - Salt + water - Salt + water +Carbon dioxide - Salt + Hydrogen
54
What are spectator ions?
Ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a reaction

Chemistry (9 decks)

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