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Chemistry > S3 - Chemistry Test (4) > Flashcards

S3 - Chemistry Test (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A compound which has stored energy

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2
Q

How do fuels release their stored energy?

A

By reacting with oxygen

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3
Q

What is a fuel reacting with oxygen referred to as?

A

Combustion / Oxidation

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4
Q

What are three different types of fuels?

A
  • Petrol
  • Diesel
  • Glucose
  • Charcoal
  • Wax
  • Wood
  • Hydrogen
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5
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

When a fuel burns on a plentiful supply of oxygen

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6
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Water & Carbon dioxide

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7
Q

What is the equation for complete combustion?

A

Fuel + Oxygen ~> Water + Carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What are the three things required in order for a fire start?

A

Fuel, Oxygen & Heat

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9
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

When a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen.

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10
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide, Soot, Water

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11
Q

What is the equation for incomplete combustion?

A

Fuel + Insufficient oxygen ~> Carbon monoxide + Soot + Water

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12
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of different hydrocarbons with different melting & boiling points

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13
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

When hydrocarbon compounds are separated into different groups (fractions) due to them having different boiling points

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14
Q

What is a fraction?

A

A group of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

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15
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Substances made up of only Hydrogen and Carbon

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16
Q

Why do larger hydrocarbons have higher boiling points?

A

Because more energy is needed to break them down

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17
Q

Why are smaller hydrocarbons more flammable?

A

Because they evaporate easily and then mix with oxygen

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18
Q

Why do larger Hydrocarbons have a higher viscosity?

A

Because the molecules get tangled together

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19
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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20
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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21
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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22
Q

What are the prefixes used when talking about hydrocarbons and what numbers are they equal to?

A

Meth - 1
Eth - 2
Prop - 3
But - 4
Pent - 5
Hex - 6
Hept- 7
Oct - 8

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23
Q

What are all hydrocarbons?

A
  • Insoluble
  • Neutral pH
  • Burn in a good supply of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
24
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of compounds which fit a general formula and are chemically similar

25
Q

What is the shortened structural formula for propane?

A

CH3 CH2 CH3

26
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but have a different structural one

27
Q

What do Alkenes contain that Alkanes do not?

A

A carbon to Carbon bond (C=C)

28
Q

Alkenes are unsaturated due to them having…

A

a double bond

29
Q

What is the shortened structural formula for butene?

A

CH2 CH CH2 CH3

30
Q

What do fructose and glucose have in common?

A

They both have a single sugar unit

31
Q

What do maltose and sucrose have in common?

A

They both have a double sugar unit

32
Q

What is an example of a polysaccharide?

A

Starch

33
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

A compound which has many sugar units

34
Q

What are mono and di saccharides?

A

Compounds with one and 2 sugar units

35
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Iodine

36
Q

What is the test for fructose, maltose or glucose?

A

Benedict’s solution

37
Q

Which sugar can we not test for with iodone or benedict’s?

A

Sucrose

38
Q

What is the word and chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

Water + Carbon dioxide ~> Oxygen + Glucose

6H2O + 6CO2 ~> 6O2 + C6H12O6

39
Q

Why is photosynthesis important?

A
  • It lowers CO2 levels
  • It supplies us with oxygen to breath
  • It stores solar energy
40
Q

How is starch formed?

A
  • When a very large number of glucose molecules join together to form a giant molecule (polymer)
41
Q

What is respiration?

A
  • The opposite of photosynthesis
  • When plants and animals get energy back out of glucose
42
Q

What are cycloalkanes?

A

Isomers of Alkenes

43
Q

What is an example of an effective solvent?

A

Ethanol

44
Q

Alkanols have a … boiling and melting point than their corresponding alkanes and alkenes

A

higher

45
Q

What compounds do alcohols produce when burned?

A

CO2 and H2O

46
Q

What does dehydration do to an alcohol?

A

Removes the water and produces its corresponding alkene

47
Q

Alcohols with hydroxyl attached to the end carbon will produce…

A

carboxylic acids

48
Q

What are the properties of carboxylic acids?

A
  • Taste and smell sour
  • Soluble in water
  • pH of less than 7
  • They cause burns when undiluted
  • They react with some metals
  • They are neutralised by carbonates which causes fizzing
49
Q

What is the general formula for alkanols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

50
Q

What is the functional group for alcohols?

A

Hydroxyl group

51
Q

What is the the functional group for alkanoic acids?

A

Carboxylic acids

52
Q

What is the test for unsaturation?

A

Bromine Water

53
Q

What do the following letters in the equation stand for?

Eh = c m Δ t

A

Eh - Energy released
c - Specific heat capacity
m - Mass of heated substance
Δt - Change in temperature

54
Q

Why do larger molecules have higher boiling points?

A

Because of their stronger intermolecular forces

55
Q

What is the general formula for alkanols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

56
Q

What is the general formula for alkanoic acids

A

CnH2nO2

Chemistry (7 decks)

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