S3 - Chemisty Test (3) Flashcards
What is the pH of a solution a measure of?
How acidic or alkaline it is
What is the pH scale?
A continuous scale which gives a measure of how acidic or alkaline something is
What colour are:
- Acids
- A neutral solution
- Alkalis
- Red to orange
- Green
- Darker green to blue
What do soluble non-metal oxides form?
Acidic solutions
What do soluble metal oxides form?
An alkaline solution
How will insoluble oxides affect a solution?
In no way, they have no affect on the pH of solutions
What are some common acids in chemistry?
What is their formula?
Hydrochloric acid - HCl
Sulfuric acid - H2SO4
Nitric acid - HNO3
Phosphoric acid - H3PO4
Ethanoic acid - CH3COOH
What are some common alkalis in chemistry?
What are their formulas?
Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
Potassium hydroxide - KOH
Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
What are neutralisation reactions?
When an acid reacts with a base (alkali)
What is always formed in a neutralisation reaction?
A salt
What is a salt?
An ionic compound in which the hydrogen ion has been replaced by a metal ion (or ammonium ion)
What are the different types of bases?
- Metal oxides
- Metal carbonates
- Metal hydroxides
Which one of the 3 bases are an alkali?
Metal hydroxides
How do we lay out a neutralisation reaction equation?
Base + acid ~> salt + water
Which of the 3 bases also produce carbon dioxide as well as salt and water in a neutralisation reaction?
Metal carbonate
What is a salt made up of?
The metal and the acid
What are the salt names for the following:
- Hydrochloric
- Nitric
- Sulphuric
- Carbonic
- Phosphoric
- Chloride
- Nitrate
- Sulphate
- Carbonate
- Phosphate
What is the ionic formula for each common acid?
H+Cl-
H2+SO4-2
H+NO3-
H3+PO4
CH3COO-H+
What is the ionic formula for each common alkali?
Na+OH-
K+OH-
Ca+(OH)2-
