S3L3: Spina Bifida part 1 Flashcards
Neural tube defect resulting in vertebral and/or spinal cord malformation
Spina bifida
T/F Spina bifida is when the spinal cord of the fetus doesn’t close completely during the third month of pregnancy.
F.
first month of pregnancy.
T/F
* Males are more affected in Spina bifida
* they are 4-8 times higher than females
FF
F>M, 3-7 times higher
T/F. Etiology of spina bifida is that it’s Both polygenic inheritance and environmental influences
T
T/F. First-degree relatives of people with spina bifida have an increased risk of the condition compared with people in the next population
T
Choose the correct letter for each number
1) Folate deficiency
2) Maternal obesity
3) African-Americans, Caucasians more commonly have it, and Hispanics have a higher incidence
4) Maternal obesity
A. Environmental
B. Genetic factors
- A
- A
- B
- A
Choose the correct letter for each number
1) (BMI) suggestive of obesity (>29 kg/m)
2) Increase of: Vitamin A, valproic acid, solvents, lead herbicides, glycol ether, clomiphene, carbamazepine, aminopterin, alcohol
3) Mutations/polymorphisms in the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
have been associated with diminished plasma folate levels with commensurate elevated homocysteine levels.
A. Environmental
B. Genetic factors
- A
- A
- B
T/F.
* Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is Important for a chemical reaction involving the vitamin folate
* vitamin folate is also called vitamin B8
TF
vitamin B9
T/F. A shortage of this vitamin (Folate) is an established risk factor for neural tube defects like spina bifida.
T
formation of the caudal structures of the neural tube forming the sacral
and coccygeal portion 26th DAY
A. Primary neuralization
B. Secondary neuralization
B
-closure of the neural tube forming the brain and spinal cord
A. Primary neuralization
B. Secondary neuralization
A
Completely open brain and spinal cord
A. Craniorachischisis
B. Anencephaly
C. Encephalocele
D. Iniencephaly
A.
Occipital skull and spine defects with extreme retroflexion of the head
A. Craniorachischisis
B. Anencephaly
C. Encephalocele
D. Iniencephaly
D
Herniation of the meninges (and brain)
A. Craniorachischisis
B. Anencephaly
C. Encephalocele
D. Iniencephaly
C
Open brain and lack of skull vault
A. Craniorachischisis
B. Anencephaly
C. Encephalocele
D. Iniencephaly
B
Closed asymptomatic NTD in which some of the vertebrae are not completely closed
A. Spina bifida occulta
B. Closed spinal dysraphism
C. Meningocele
D. Myelomeningocele
A
Open spinal cord (with a meningeal cyst)
A. Spina bifida occulta
B. Closed spinal dysraphism
C. Meningocele
D. Myelomeningocele
D
Protrusion of the meninges (filled with CSF) through a defect in the skull or spine
A. Spina bifida occulta
B. Closed spinal dysraphism
C. Meningocele
D. Myelomeningocele
C
Deficiency of at least two vertebral arches, here covered with a lipoma
A. Spina bifida occulta
B. Closed spinal dysraphism
C. Meningocele
D. Myelomeningocele
B