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(3) Pediatric Rehabilitation > S2L4: PT in other settings > Flashcards

S2L4: PT in other settings Flashcards

1
Q

A condition that occurs when any part of the optical system and the perceptual system (CNS is defective, diseased or malfunction)

A

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

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2
Q

__% <18y/o Dx c eye conditions in the US

__% <18y/o are blind/ visually impaired

__-__% children in kindergarten needs eyeglasses

A

6.8%

3%

8-10%

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3
Q

T/F. The ff are DIAGNOSES RESULTING TO VI PEDIATRIC CONDITIONS

CP
Prematurity
Children with language delay
Children with hearing disorders
Complete vision loss
Refractive errors
Cataract
glaucoma

A

T

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4
Q

T/F. The ff are DIAGNOSES RESULTING TO VI PEDIATRIC CONDITIONS

Amblyopia
▸ Cortical blindness
▸ Coloboma
▸ Macrothalmos
▸ Optic atrophy
▸ Retinoblastoma
▸ Strabismus
▸ Toxoplasmosis
▸ Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

F, Microthalmos

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5
Q

Stereotyped behaviors

Sometimes found in visually impaired toddlers or children from body rocking, head swaying, eye rubbing, head banging, spinning to finger flicking.

Associated with sensory deprivation

Behaviors are repetitive and serve no specific goals, but can calm

A

Blindism

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6
Q

T/F CHILDREN WITH VI PRESENT WITH DELAYS IN:

Acquisition and refinement of motor skill
Cognition
Communication
Self help skills
Social skills

A

T

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7
Q

T/F. MOTOR DELAYED COMPLICATION OF VI

COMPROMISED Vision
Inc Motivation to move
Delayed in motor skill
Lack of opportunity to explore environment

A

F, Dec Motivation to move

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8
Q

T/F. THE CHILD WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

  • Has low tone
  • Prefers prone position
  • Clings to parents shoulder but will not spontaneously turn head
  • Presents with postural problem
  • Has diminished static and dynamic balance
A

F, Prefers supine position

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9
Q

T/F. The ff are DELAY IN MOTOR SKILLS

  1. Sitting
  2. Creeping and crawling
  3. Walking
  4. Stair negotiation and require guidance
  5. Age-appropriate object transfer and hand play
  6. Delayed reach and release
  7. Grasp patterns progress slowly
A

T

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10
Q

2 BASIC ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUES METHODS FOR ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY

A

Hand-under Hand

Hand-over Hand

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11
Q

T/F. The ff are Facilitating Movement and Exploration

  • Establish defined space
  • Facilitate optimal use of vision

-Provide experiences with sounds in the environment and attach meanings to that sound

-Facilitate goal-directed reach

Guide dogs , sighted guides long white cane

A

T

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12
Q

T/F in BASIC ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUES METHODS FOR ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY

  • Appropriate for those who can maintain a dog and are considered legally blind, Dogs function only upon command or verbal instructions and Both dog and VIP should trained
  • Movements of the guide and verbal instructions are followed by the VIP
A

T

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13
Q

T/F in BASIC ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUES METHODS FOR ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY

Hold cane is swept to the R, Right foot in advance

  • Height: armpit level, higher for clearance
  • Use the cane as if your “shaking hands” w/ it
  • Cane should be swept shoulder width to 2” beyond width of shoulder
A

F. Hold cane is swept to the R, LEFT foot in advance

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14
Q
  • Provide Meaningful activities (functional)
  • Promote Play

A. Stimulation and engagement
B. Facilitate optimal use of vision
C. Provide child with variety of movement and positional experiences

A

A

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15
Q
  • Heavy joint compression
  • Introduce different textures
  • Weight shifting
  • Vestibular experience

A. Stimulation and engagement
B. Facilitate optimal use of vision
C. Provide child with variety of movement and positional experiences

A

B

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16
Q
  • Sitting, standing, cruising, walking
  • Discourage W-sitting
  • Work in front of the child
  • Train balance reaction

A. Stimulation and engagement
B. Facilitate optimal use of vision
C. Provide child with variety of movement and positional experiences

A

C

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17
Q

T/F in Therapeutic Handling and Positioning (Basic Handling Techniques)

  • Provide the child with verbal cues that she will be moved
  • Move with the child
  • Provide the child with a reason to move (goal oriented movement)
  • Use key points of control
  • Pay attention to the speed and range of handling
  • Use a firm touch
A

T

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18
Q

The ff. Fosters gross motor development except:

Head Control
Trunk Control
Rolling
Sitting
Standing
Walking

A

Trunk Control

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19
Q

T/F in Therapeutic Handling and Positioning (Basic Handling Techniques)

  • Align the child’s body posture
  • Support the child where necessary
  • Promote Good positioning throughout the child’s routine
A

T

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20
Q
  • One hand under the chin and
  • The other behind the head

A. Hand placement
B. Stimulation

A

A

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21
Q
  • Stroke the back of the neck
  • Withdraw manual support gradually as the infant is able to lift his head independently

A. Hand placement
B. Stimulation

A

B

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22
Q

Encourage propping forward on both hands;

Side to side balance to train weight bearing and protective reactions on each side

A. Position
B. Stimulation

A

B

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23
Q

Place the baby on the floor in a sitting position, and seat yourself behind to provide support as needed

A. Position
B. Stimulation

A

A

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24
Q

Put baby in a standing position next to a stable surface

A. Position
B. Stimulation

A

A

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25
Q

Encourage weight shifting by moving side to side;

Provide heavy joint compression

A. Position
B. Stimulation

A

B

26
Q

Tuck his bent arm under his chest with roll-over

A. From stomach to back
B. From back to stomach

A

A

27
Q

Extend one of his arm up; gently roll babys head over his arm (towards the floor) while lifting the same side leg, with the knee bent and crossing over the other leg. (present toys within the reach)

A. From stomach to back
B. From back to stomach

A

B

28
Q

T/F the ff are used to support walking

  • A small chair, cardboard box, or walker to push might be use to practice supports;
  • Place your hands at his hips, so that arms are free to help him balance.
  • As balance and upright posture improves, offer less support.
A

T

29
Q

a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by two main areas concerning social communication and behaviors.

A

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

30
Q

used when positioning patients/clients in order to keep body in correct alignment, provide support to the body parts & restrict movements of certain parts

A

POSITIONING DEVICES/ Adaptive devices

31
Q

T/F. The ff are motor domain of AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abnormal upper extremity muscle tone (appear awkward in their motor skills and movement)

Postural asymmetries during lying

Head-lag during the pull-to-sit transition

A

T

32
Q

T/F. The ff are Prescription and Recommendation for Sensory Issues

  1. Weighted lap pads provide proprioceptive input for a grounding effect
  2. Cushions serve as seat markers and let kids wiggle in place
  3. Manipulative fidgets engage busy fingers quietly
  4. Bean bag chair and folding chair help low-tone kids sit up straight
A

T

33
Q

T/F in Premature Birth.

Babies who survive can have:

  • Breathing issues
  • Intestinal (digestive) problems
  • Bleeding in their brains

Long term problems:

  • Developmental delay not meeting the appropriate milestone for his or her age
A

T

34
Q

T/F the ff are Criteria for Referral for PT Intervention in the NICU

  • Birthweight < 1500g
  • GA of < 32 wks
  • Severe perinatal asphyxia with APGAR score of 5 or less at 5 mins of age
  • Evidence of intraventricular, intracranial hemorrhage
  • Hydrocephalus, microcephalus
  • Dystonia
  • Recurrent neonatal seizures
  • Intrauterine growth and retardation or small for GA
A

T

35
Q

T/F the ff are Criteria for Referral for PT Intervention in the NICU

  • PNI (Brachial plexus injury)
  • Musculoskeletal abnormalities
  • Spina bifida
  • Neuromuscular disease
  • Symptomatic drug withdrawal
  • Persistently poor nipple feeders
  • Trisomy 22
  • Irritability, tremor and lethargy
  • Failure to thrive
A

F, trisomy 21

36
Q

What are the Musculoskeletal consequences of poor alignment over time in a preterm baby

A. Tightness of neck extensors, shoulder/scapular retractors, low back extensors, and hip abductors.

B. Predispose the infant to reinforce certain motor patterns

C. Prevent the acquisition of developmental skills such as chin tuck and midline head postures, eye– hand and reaching, weight shifts, and rolling

D. All

A

D

37
Q

Aka “skin to skin” holding

  • The benefits on oxygen saturations, decreased apnea and bradycardia, improved behavioral state organization, increased rates of weight gain, as an analgesic during painful procedures, and decreased length of hospitalization.
  • The infants in this study also had improved neurodevelopmental assessments at 6 months as compared with peers who received no skin-to-skin holding.
A

Kangaroo Care

38
Q

T/F this Positioning is for Comfort

Cloth bunting (preemie clothes) with circumferential straps, interior foot roll, lateral rolls, and sheepskin to promote body containment in prone flexion.

A

T

39
Q

T/F the ff are Components of optimal alignment:

  • Flexion of lower extremities with neutral abduction/adduction and rotation of the hips
  • Neutral head and neck position and, if possible, slight chin tuck
  • Scapular protraction
  • Flexion of the trunk with posterior pelvic tilt
A

T

40
Q

T/F in Therapeutic Positioning

  • Reinforces the therapist goals which is to enhance
  1. Flexor patterns
  2. Increase midline orientation
  3. Promote state organization
A

T

41
Q

Modified T/F

Positioning can also affect cranial molding and head shape. Preterm infants are more at risk for cranial deformations as their skulls are softer and thinner than full-term infants.

A

TT

42
Q

use to calm lethargic, hyperirritable infants. Careful wrapping must be done to prevent hip dislocation and, wrapping is discontinued once the infant learns to roll.

A

Swaddling

43
Q

The ff are Hyper sensitivity to TACTILE INPUTS, except:

A. Soles of the feet
B. Palms of the hand
C. Oral motor area
D. None

A

D

44
Q

also known as an intensive care nursery, is an intensive care unit specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants

A

NICU

45
Q

care for healthy, full-term babies. They stabilize babies born near term to get them ready to transfer to facilities that provide advanced care.

A. LEVEL I: BASIC NEWBORN CARE
B. LEVEL II: ADVANCE NEWBORN CARE
C. LEVEL III: SUBSPECIALTY NEWBORN CARE
D. LEVEL IV: HIGHEST LEVEL OF NEONATAL CARE

A

A

46
Q

nursery care for babies born at greater than 32 weeks gestation or who are recovering from more serious conditions.

A. LEVEL I: BASIC NEWBORN CARE
B. LEVEL II: ADVANCE NEWBORN CARE
C. LEVEL III: SUBSPECIALTY NEWBORN CARE
D. LEVEL IV: HIGHEST LEVEL OF NEONATAL CARE

A

B

47
Q

care for babies born at less than 32 weeks gestation as well as babies born with critical illness, at all gestational ages. These facilities offer prompt and readily available access to a full range of pediatric medical subspecialties. They also offer a full range of respiratory support and perform advanced imaging.

A. LEVEL I: BASIC NEWBORN CARE
B. LEVEL II: ADVANCE NEWBORN CARE
C. LEVEL III: SUBSPECIALTY NEWBORN CARE
D. LEVEL IV: HIGHEST LEVEL OF NEONATAL CARE

A

C

48
Q

provided the highest level of acuity. These nurseries are located in a hospital that can provide surgical repair of complex congenital or acquired conditions.
● also facilitate transport and provide education outreach.

A. LEVEL I: BASIC NEWBORN CARE
B. LEVEL II: ADVANCE NEWBORN CARE
C. LEVEL III: SUBSPECIALTY NEWBORN CARE
D. LEVEL IV: HIGHEST LEVEL OF NEONATAL CARE

A

D

49
Q

Usually Babies are placed in an__ to
help regulate their temperatures.

A

isolette (incubator)

50
Q

T/F the role of PT is to

Provide an environment mimicking in utero to promote infant growth to promote through neuroprotective and developmental handling

A

T

51
Q

These are stimuli that causes stress and pain
● Infants can indicate to us that they are stressed when
they:
○ Cry
○ Grimace
○ Show a stop sign
○ Do finger splaying
○ Gaze aversion
○ Hiccup
○ Changes in vital signs

A. NEGATIVE TOUCH
B. POSITIVE TOUCH

A

A

52
Q

Multiple handling

Tapes

Suctioning

Heel sticks

Cold hands, equipment
● Painful/stressful procedures
● Hard surfaces

A. NEGATIVE TOUCH
B. POSITIVE TOUCH

A

A

53
Q

Clustering cares handling
● Soft bedding
● Positioning and containment

● Warm hands and stethoscope
● Positive nurturing touch
● Skin to skin
● Hands to mouth and NNS opportunities
● Swaddle or containment during stressful/painful
procedures
● Infant massage
● Grasping

A. NEGATIVE TOUCH
B. POSITIVE TOUCH

A

B

54
Q

AUDITORY

NICU should not exceed __dBs
● Transient sound should not exceed __dBs
● Goal: keep sound less than __dBs

A

45

65

50

55
Q

○ Sometimes called deformational plagiocephaly or
positional plagiocephaly
○ Very common, very treatable disorder
○ It causes a baby’s head to have a flattened
appearance
○ Develops when an infant’s soft skull becomes
flattened in one area d/t repeated pressure on one
part of the head

A

Plagiocephaly

56
Q

T/F

○ Many babies develop plagiocephaly by sleeping
regularly in one position
○ This condition occurs more often in premature
infants whose skulls are especially pliable

A

TT

57
Q

■ Used to measure the infant’s head

A

Craniometer

58
Q

T/F. The ff is used to treat plagiocephaly

Frequent positional changes to the head
○ Use of Positional aids
■ Stretching
■ Active (B) head turns
■ Tummy-time

A

T

59
Q

T/F the ff are benefits of massage

  • Improve circulation, digestion
    ○ Reduces stress hormones,
    ○ Stimulates lymphatic circulation
    ○ Improves weight loss and sleep-wake cycle
A

F, Improves weight gain and sleep-wake cycle

60
Q

Something parents can do to help with the regulation of temperature, HR, RR, and promotes breast milk production for mothers
● Creates bonding time, decreases stress levels for infants and parents

A

Skin-to-skin

(3) Pediatric Rehabilitation (13 decks)

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