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(3) Pharmacology > S3_L3: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

S3_L3: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

This is the primary inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain & SC

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

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2
Q

What is the primary motor pathway for voluntary motor control?

A

Corticospinal Tract

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the corticospinal tract, the lateral component sends fibers to the trunk/ axial muscles. In the corticospinal tract, the anterior component sends fiber predominantly to the extremity muscles.

A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are false

The components are interchanged

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Most reflex arc only involve 3 neurons.

A

True

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The anterior corticospinal tract innervates contra-lateral fibers only. The lateral conrticospinal tract innervates both contralateral and ipsilateral fibers.

A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are false

NOTE: the tracts are interchanged

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Glycine, a excitatory neurotransmitter, participates in the processing of motor & sensory information that permits movement, vision, & audition

A

False

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Weakness presents in both UMN & LMN lesions are the corticospinal tracts

A

True

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8
Q

This is released from the SR to initiate excitation-contraction coupling

A

calcium

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Both GABA and Glycine is inhibitory

A

True

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The corticospinal tract is responsible for voluntary motor control. The reflex arc is responsible for involuntary control.

A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. Both statements are true

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11
Q

Given 1 special precaution for using baclofen.

A

○ Epileptics experience a dec threshold for seizures
○ Sudden withdrawal causes hallucinations, anxiety, tachycardia

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12
Q
  1. Balcofen
  2. Dantrolene
  3. Diazepam

A. Centrally Acting
B. Direct Acting

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
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13
Q
  1. From the family of benzodiazepines
  2. Facilitates the action of GABA
  3. Increases the availability of Glycine
  4. Inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters
  5. Inhibits the release of substance P

A. Diazepam
B. Balcofen
C. Both
D. Neither

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. B
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14
Q

This medication blocks Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, thus inducing muscle relaxation.

A

Dantrolene Na (Dantrium)

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15
Q

Sudden withdrawal of Balcofen present with the following symptoms, EXCEPT:

A. tachycardia
B. hypertension
C. anxiety
D. hallucination
E. None

A

B. hypertension

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Diazepam has a anticonvulsant and sedative effect. Diazepam presents with a hangover effect.

A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. Both statements are true

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Diazepam is a regulated drug

A

True

It requires a yellow pad prescription

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18
Q

Exerts its primary function in the synapse between neurons by binding to postsynaptic receptors to modulate ion channels thereby hyperpolarizing the cell and inhibiting generation of AP

A. GABA
B. Glycine
C. Both
D. Neither

19
Q

This describes the mechanism of rapid communication between electrical events occurring in the plasma membrane

A

excitation-contraction coupling

20
Q

Path taken by the nerve impulse is called?

A

Reflex Arc

21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The corticospinal tract contains fibers from the UMN which provides
communication between the brain & the spinal cord. It also contains the LMN, which provides communication between the spinal
cord & the muscles.

A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. Both statements are true

22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Reflexes are involuntary movements. However, they may become voluntary.

A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. Both statements are true

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Simple reflexes do not need involvement of the brain

24
Q

The following are manifestations of UMN injury, EXCEPT:

A. fasciculation
B. spastic paresis
C. abnormal muscle tone
D. hyperactive reflexes
E. (+) babinski

A

A. fasciculation

25
Q

The following are manifestations of LMN injury, EXCEPT:

A. muscle atrophy
B. hyporeflexia
C. flaccid paralysis
D. (-) babinski
E. decreased motor control

A

E. decreased motor control

26
Q

Choose the letter/s that are associated pathological of damaged to the corticospinal tract:

A. stroke
B. CMT
C. ALS
D. Poliomyelitis
E.SMA

A

All except B

27
Q

Choose the letter/s that are route of administration of Dantrolene Na:

A. Oral
B. Inhaled
C. IV
D. IM

28
Q

Choose the letter/s that are seen as adverse effects of Dantrolene Na:

A. dizziness
B. drowsiness
C. hepatotoxicity
D. sedation
E. generalized weakness

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Diazepam may be given to patients with lock jaw or torticollis

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Balcofen is the gold standard given to target CP spasticity

A

False

It is not useful in CP-related MSK abnormalities

31
Q

What is the chemical name of Balcofen?

A

P-chlorophenyl GABA

32
Q

What is the difference of centrally acting muscle relaxants from direct acting agents?

A

centrally acting muscle relaxants acts on corticospinal tract responsible for voluntary
motor control

direct acting agents acts on peripheral reflex arc and/or skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling

33
Q

Indicated for severe spasticity regardless of etiology

A. Balcofen
B. Dantrolene
C. Diazepam
D. None

A

B. Dantrolene

34
Q

Indicated for chronic pain management

A. Balcofen
B. Dantrolene
C. Diazepam
D. None

A

A. Balcofen

35
Q

Indicated for spasticity in cord lesions, muscle spasm secondary to MSK injuries, or CP

A. Balcofen
B. Dantrolene
C. Diazepam
D. None

A

C. Diazepam

36
Q

Useful in the Mx of trigeminal neuralgia & tardive
dyskinesia

A. Baclofen
B. Dantrolene
C. Diazepam
D. None

A

A. Baclofen

37
Q

Indicated to relieve painful spasticity associated with MS & SCI

A. Balcofen
B. Dantrolene
C. Diazepam
D. None

A

A. Balcofen

38
Q

Indicated an an adjunct treatment for acute, painful MSK conditions

A. Balcofen
B. Dantrolene
C. Diazepam
D. None

39
Q

Choose the letter/s that are route of administration of Balcofen:

A. Oral
B. Inhaled
C. IV
D. IM
E. Transdermal

40
Q

The following are adverse effects possibly seen with intake of Balcofen, EXCEPT:

A. Hypotension
B. Hypertension
C. Nausea
D. Headache
E. Teratogenicity
F. None

A

B. Hypertension

41
Q

The following are adverse effects possibly seen with intake of Balcofen, EXCEPT:

A. Drowsiness
B. Dizziness
C. Sedation
D. Muscle weakness
E. Ataxia
F. None

42
Q

The following are adverse effects possibly seen with intake of Diazepam, EXCEPT:

A. Hypotension
B. Bradycardia
C. Respiratory depression
D. Drowsiness / dizziness / sedation
E. None

43
Q

Choose the letter/s that are route of administration of Diazepam:

A. Oral
B. Inhaled
C. IV
D. IM
E. Transdermal

44
Q

_____ is an involuntary & instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus

(3) Pharmacology (12 decks)

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