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(3) Pharmacology > S2_L4: Steroids > Flashcards

S2_L4: Steroids Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Steroids are use for pain and inflammatory management. It is the best anti-inflammatory drug available.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

Steroids do not have a mechanism for pain management

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Steroids inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase pathways. Thus, it has better anti-inflammatory effects than NSAIDs

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

A. Both statements are true

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Sex steroids are responsible for metabolism and fluid electrolyte balance. Corticosteroids are responsible for immune function.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

All are responsibilities of corticosteroids

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4
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. Premature epiphyseal closure
  2. Mood Swings
  3. Psychosis

A. Yes
B. No

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
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5
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. hypertension
  2. altered libido
  3. male pattern baldness

A. Yes
B. No

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
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6
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. Deepening of the voice
  2. Jaundice
  3. Hepatic tumors

A. Yes
B. No

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
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7
Q

Select the following letters that arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

A. decreased LDL
B. increased HDL
C. increased LDL
D. decreased HDL
E. hypertension

A

C, D, E

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8
Q

Select the following letters that arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

A. Altered libido
B. Menstrual dysfunction
C. Clitoral enlargement
D. Deepening of the voice
E. Male pattern baldness

A

all are adverse effects

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9
Q

The following letters arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids, EXCEPT:

A. Elevated triglycerides
B. Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
C. Ischemic Stroke
D. Testicular atrophy
E. Gynecomastia

A

C. Ischemic Stroke

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10
Q

Select the following letters that arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

A. Mood swings
B. Dementia
C. Violent behavior
D. Mild Cognitive Impairment
E. Psychosis

A

A, C, E

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11
Q

The following letters arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids, EXCEPT:

A. Acne
B. Jaundice
C. Nausea
D. Depression
E. Hepatic Tumors

A

C. Nausea

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The kidney is responsible for the release of cortisol

A

False

The adrenal cortex which are lodged above the kidneys are the glands that releases cortisol

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cortisol naturally occurs in the body to control immune processes

A

True

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Anabolic-Adrogenic Steroids are prohibited for athletes participating in the olympics, even when out of competition.

A

True

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15
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions. You may choose up to 3 letters per number.

  1. Anorexia
  2. osteoporosis

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. B
  2. A, C
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16
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions.

  1. Thinning of scalp hair
  2. Increased facial hair

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. A
  2. A
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17
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions.

  1. Increased susceptibility to infections
  2. Nausea/vomiting

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. D
  2. B
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18
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions.

  1. Headache
  2. Fever

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. B
  2. B
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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Vasodilation is able to promote blood in an area therefore increasing swelling, redness, warmth

A

True

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Steroids inhibits both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase
pathways

A

True

NOTE: this is in contrary to NSAIDs which only target the cyclooxygenase pathway

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cortisol enhances Na & H2O reabsorption, resulting to more urination

A

False

This results to edema dt increase in intravascular volume

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22
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions.

  1. Weight loss
  2. Centripetal/Truncal Obesity

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. B
  2. A
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23
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions.

  1. Hyperglycemia
  2. Hypertension

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. A
  2. A
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24
Q

Determine if the following adverse effects are seen on the following clinical conditions. You may choose up to 3 letters per number.

  1. Glaucoma, cataracts
  2. Muscle wasting

A. cushing’s syndrome
B. adrenocortical suppresion
C. catabolism
D. others

A
  1. D
  2. A, C
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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Moon facie is a manifestation of cushing’s syndrome. Growth retardation is a manifestation of catabolism

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

C. Only the 1st statement is correct

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26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Immunosuppression occurs as a result of low cortisol levels. Immunosuppression occurs as a result of high cortisol levels.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

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27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Immunosuppression by cortisol is warranted for organ transplant to decrease risk of rejection. However, increase in risk of infection occurs

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

A. Both statements are true

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28
Q

Determine which adjunct medications for neuropathic pain is being described.

  1. Increases descending inhibitory signals in the spinal cord
  2. Used for Epilepsy or Seizures
  3. Used as a membrane stabilizer

A. tricyclic antidepressants
B. anticonvulsants

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
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29
Q

Determine which adjunct medications for neuropathic pain is being described.

  1. prevents the transmission of nociceptive impulses
  2. side effect: discomfort, stomach upset
  3. side effect: fatigue, dizziness, blurry vision

A. tricyclic antidepressants
B. anticonvulsants

A
  1. B
  2. B
  3. B
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30
Q

Determine which adjunct medications for neuropathic pain is being described.

  1. example: gabapentin
  2. example: amytriptyline
  3. example: pregabalin

A. tricyclic antidepressants
B. anticonvulsants

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
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31
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. decreased FSH, LH
  2. increased LDL
  3. decreased HDL

A. Yes
B. No

A

All yes

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32
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. Elevated triglycerides
  2. Testicular atrophy
  3. Peliosis hepatis

A. Yes
B. No

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
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33
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. Impaired spermatogenesis
  2. Menstrual dysfunction
  3. Altered glucose tolerance

A. Yes
B. No

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Withdrawal of steroid leads to mood swings, nervousness, & irritability

A

False

This happens in chronic use

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Chronic steroid use may lead to peptic ulcers

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Chronic steroid use may lead to delusions of grandeur or persecution

A

True

This is under psychosis

37
Q

determine the which route is indicated for the following:

  1. when bronchodilators are ineffective for wheeze mx
  2. any anti-inflammatory management
  3. ineffective topical mx

A. topical
B. inhalational
C. oral
D. intravenous
E. injection
F. epidural

38
Q

determine the which route is indicated for the following:

  1. pt cannot tolerate oral routes or refused to drink
  2. for chronic LBP
  3. for skin allergies or conjunctivitis

A. topical
B. inhalational
C. oral
D. intravenous
E. injection
F. epidural

39
Q

determine the which route is indicated for the following:

  1. for cancer
  2. for psoriasis
  3. patient needs to be admitted to the hospital

A. topical
B. inhalational
C. oral
D. intravenous
E. injection
F. epidural

40
Q

determine the which route is indicated for the following:

  1. for frozen shoulder & rotator cuff syndrome
  2. for eczema
  3. for mosquito bites

A. topical
B. inhalational
C. oral
D. intravenous
E. injection
F. epidural

41
Q

determine the which route is indicated for the following:

  1. for (+) anaphylaxis
  2. for severe OA
  3. for torn ligaments

A. topical
B. inhalational
C. oral
D. intravenous
E. injection
F. epidural

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the liver, high cortisol levels increase gluconeogenesis and decrease glycogen synthesis

A

True

Source: Thau, Gandhi, Sharma (2023)

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Both glycogen storage and gluconeogenesis is increased in the liver as a physiologic effect of cortisol

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: cortisol inhibits eicosanoids biosynthesis. cortisol increases protein and glycogen synthesis in all tissues

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

C. Only the 1st statement is correct

cortisol only increases protein and glycogen synthesis in the liver. in other tissues, it increases proteolysis, lipolysis, and fat deposition in abdominal tissue

45
Q

The following are physiologic effects of cortisol, EXCEPT:

A. decrease glucose use
B. increase lipolysis
C. increase fat deposition
D. increase chemotaxins
E. None

A

D. increase chemotaxins

46
Q

Classify the following steroids based on its biological half life

  1. Prednisone
  2. Triamcinolone
  3. Paramethasone
  4. Cortisol
  5. Cortisone

A. short-acting
B. intermediate acting
C. long acting

47
Q
  1. Enhance sexual characteristics
  2. Enhances sports performance

A. androgenic
B. anabolic
C. ergogenic

48
Q

This occurs due to prolonged steroid use leading to the hypothalamus and
pituitary gland to stop secreting.

A

Adrenocortical suppression

49
Q
  1. Promotes physiologic processes
  2. Increases muscle mass

A. androgenic
B. anabolic
C. ergogenic

A

Both B. anabolic

50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Inhibition or suppression of hypothalamo-pituitary axis may lead to a lethargic level of consciousness

51
Q

Used to increase strength, power, and endurance

A. androgenic
B. anabolic
C. ergogenic

A

C. ergogenic

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: proton pump inhibitors are given to prevent gastric irritation and peptic ulcers. antacids are given to prevent gastric irritation and peptic ulcers.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

A. Both statements are true

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: muscle and joint pains are seen in adrenocortical suppression. postural hypotension is seen in cushing’s syndrome

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

C. Only the 1st statement is correct

postural hypotension is seen in adrenocortical suppression as well

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: anabolic-androgenic steroids increases lean body mass. anabolic-androgenic steroids increases endurance.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A

C. Only the 1st statement is correct

55
Q

The following statements are correct, EXCEPT:

A. cortisol is able to increase blood glucose
B. cortisol is able to keep inflammation down
C. cortisol is able to manage BP
D. cortisol is able to manage use of fat, carbohydrates and protein
E. cortisol is able to stimulate vasodilation

A

E. cortisol is able to stimulate vasodilation

Cortisol is anti-inflammatory; thus it vasoconstricts

56
Q

Choose the following statements that are correct about anabolic-androgenic steroids.

A. increase muscle bulk
B. increase number of muscle cells
C. increase muscle strength
D. increased calcium sensitivity
E. decrease catabolic effects

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Testosterone, an anabolic-androgenic steroids, may be endogenous or exogenous

A

True

○ Endogenous - natural occurring.
○ Exogenous - synthetic derivatives of testosterone.

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Chronic steroid use leads to easy bruising

59
Q

The following are manifestations of cushing’s syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. acne
B. striae of skin
C. cardiac hypertrophy
D. adrenal hyperplasia and tumor formation
E. None

60
Q

What is the main corticosteroid in the body?

61
Q

Arrange the sequence for cortisol release.

A. release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
B. stimulation of anterior pituitary gland
C. release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D. release of cortisol
E. hypothalamus
F. stimulation of adrenal cortex

62
Q
  1. Biologic half-life = 36-72 hrs
  2. Biologic half-life = 8-12 hrs
  3. Biologic half-life = 12-36 hrs

A. short-acting
B. intermediate acting
C. long acting

63
Q

Enumerate the 3 kinds of sex steroids

A
  1. progesterone
  2. androgen
  3. estrogen
64
Q

Enumerate the 2 kinds of corticosteroids

A
  1. mineralocorticoids
  2. glucocorticoids
65
Q
  1. Responsible for the voice of males,
  2. bigger body mass and bones and more hair growth

A. progesterone
B. androgen
C. estrogen

66
Q
  1. Responsible for ovulation and menstruation
  2. Responsible for enlargement of breasts/hips

A. progesterone
B. androgen
C. estrogen

A

Both A & C

67
Q
  1. production of sperm cells
  2. production of egg cells

A. progesterone
B. androgen
C. estrogen

68
Q

EXPLAIN: If a high cortisol amount is found in the body, what kind of feedback occurs? And what is the resulting effect?

A

A negative feedback will be sent to the hypothalamus to stop releasing
CRH and the anterior pituitary gland from releasing ACTH. This results to a decrease in cortisol amount.

69
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. Tendon degeneration
  2. Gynecomastia
  3. Atherosclerotic Heart
    Disease

A. Yes
B. No
C. Possible
D. Unknown

70
Q

Determine whether the following are adverse effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids are reversible or not.

  1. Depression
  2. Violent Behavior
  3. Acne

A. Yes
B. No

71
Q

This refers to the certain amount of steroids is still left after stopping the medication, exerting its biological effect

A

Biologic half-life

72
Q

The following decreases in immunosuppression, EXCEPT:

A. neutrophils
B. eosinophils
C. monocytes
D. lymphocytes
E. basophils

A

A. neutrophils

This increases along with RBCs and platelets

73
Q

Select the following letters that arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

A. impaired spermatogenesis
B. impaired oogenesis
C. decreased liver enzymes
D. elevated liver enzymes
E. tendon degeneration

74
Q

Select the following letters that arises from too much or long term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.

A. Premature epiphyseal closure
B. Altered glucose tolerance
C. Decreased FSH, LH
D. Increased FSH, LH
E. Peliosis hepatis

A

All except D

75
Q

What is the mother compound of testosterone?

A

Cholesterol

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Like NSAIDs, steroids are able to stabilize lysosomes

A

True

This is due to the anti-inflammatory effect of cortisol

77
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Spondylolisthesis is a possible complication due to chronic intake of steroids

A

False

These are vertebral compression fractures

78
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The worse behavioral effect of steroids is having delusions of grandeur

A

False

It is delusions of persecution

79
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Adjunct medications are given with steroid intake when there is presence of neuropathic pain

80
Q

Choose the letters that describes the side effects of amitriptyline, an anti-cholinergic drug

A. Blurring of vision
B. Drowsiness
C. Difficulty in urinating & constipation
D. Weight gain
E. Dry mouth

(3) Pharmacology (12 decks)

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