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(3) Pharmacology > S2_L2: Analgesics > Flashcards

S2_L2: Analgesics Flashcards

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1
Q

Match the uses for the following drug category.

  1. opioids
  2. NSAIDs
  3. Steroids
  4. Non-opioids

A. Pain
B. Inflammation
C. Both A & B

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. A
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2
Q

Opioids come what which plant?

Name the generic/common and scientific name of the plant.

A

Common Name: Opium Poppy Plant
Scientific Name: “Papaver Somniferum”

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3
Q

This is when an MD needs to adjust the dose/shift to another drug/add another drug on top to produce the same effect. It happened due to chronic use/ intake.

A

Tolerance

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4
Q

This is when an individual experiences symptoms due to sudden discontinuation from chronic use of drugs

A

Withdrawal

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5
Q

determine which brain structure utilizes the following receptor subtype

  1. Hippocampus
  2. globus pallidus
  3. corpus striatum

A. delta
B. mu
C. kappa
D. sigma

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. A
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6
Q

determine which brain structure utilizes the following receptor subtype

  1. deep layers of cerebral
    cortex
  2. hypothalamus
  3. limbic system

A. delta
B. mu
C. kappa
D. sigma

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. B
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7
Q

determine which brain structure utilizes the following receptor subtype

  1. periaqueductal gray
  2. Substantia nigra
  3. medial thalamic nuclei

A. delta
B. mu
C. kappa
D. sigma

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
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8
Q

determine which brain structure utilizes the following receptor subtype
1. lamina II
2. substantia gelatinosa
3. dorsal horn of spinal gray matter

A. delta
B. mu
C. kappa
D. sigma

A

All C

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9
Q

determine which response results from the following receptors. answers for each number may be up until 2-3.

  1. Supraspinal analgesia
  2. Spinal analgesia
  3. dysphoria

A. delta
B. mu
C. kappa
D. sigma

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
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10
Q

determine which response results from the following receptors. answers for each number may be up until 2-3.

  1. hallucination
  2. pressed flexors reflexes
  3. euphoria

A. delta
B. mu
C. kappa
D. sigma

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. A & B
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11
Q

Enumerate the 3 receptors which has a LOW abuse potential.

A
  1. kappa
  2. delta
  3. sigma
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12
Q

The following are common manifestations of the abstinence syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. Runny nose
B. Sneezing
C. Shivering
D. Fever
E. Hypotonicity

A

E. Hypotonicity

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13
Q

Select the letter/s which represents the common manifestations of the abstinence syndrome:

A. Body aches
B. Depression
C. Diarrhea
D. Anorexia
E. Goosebumps

A

A, C, E only

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14
Q

Select the letter/s which represents the common manifestations of the abstinence syndrome:

A. Nausea/vomiting
B. Weakness
C. Uncontrollable yawning
D. Tachycardia
E. Loss of appetite

A

All are manifestations

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Non-opioids are effective for pain & inflammation management.

A

False

It is only for pain relief

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Codeine is an antihistamine used for dry, irritating cough.

A

False

It is an antitussive (cough suppressants)

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The use if opioids requires a prescription from a doctor with a S2 License.

A

True

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The delta receptor subtype may also target limbic structures

A

True

This is the reason why its activation may also result to euphoria

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Morphine can be given through oral form, IV injection, and through the subdural
space for pain management

A

False

epidural*

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The classic receptors drug of morphine is Mu. The classic side effect of opioids is euphoria

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: CNS has specific receptors for opioids. This drug is able to bind on both the PNS and CNS

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Among the receptor subtypes, (mu, delta, kappa, sigma), the Mu receptors has the best pain modulation effect. Stimulation of Sigma receptors result in restlessness and agitation

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

Explanation:
1. Mu targets supraspinal areas
2. Dysphoria results when acting on hippocampal areas

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23
Q

What is the active substance obtained from the latex of the poppy plant?

A

Alkaloids

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids results in pupillary vasoconstriction when overdosed. Another s/sx of overdose from opioids is respiratory depression

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

Miosis = pupillary vasoconstriction

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25
What part of the opium poppy plant is used for opioid analgesics?
latex (sap) that comes with scarring the raw bud
26
what is the gold standard for all opioids?
morphine NOTE: it is the classic opioid analgesics for acute and chronic pain
27
This is an illegal drug sold in the black market. It is a mult-dollar business that is highly addicitve and derived from morphine. What is this drug?
Heroin
28
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids causes allergies but suppresses cough reflex
True
29
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioid overdose results in hypertension and tachycardia
False It results in orthostatic hypotension & bradycardia
30
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids may cause drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting
True
31
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids are able to relax the intestinal muscles. Thus, laxatives are given to treat the constipation
True
32
TRUE OR FALSE: Non-opioids have a peak blood concentration from half an hour to an hour when taken orally
True
33
TRUE OR FALSE: Non-opioids are used for fevers and mild to severe pain.
False Mild to moderate pain only
34
TRUE OR FALSE: Acetaminophen/Paracetamol is not given to treat inflammatory processes
True
35
TRUE OR FALSE: Acetaminophen and Paracetamol are the same drug. It is an opioid. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Only the 1st statement is true It is a non-opioid analgesic
36
The majority of opioid analgesics act at this receptor.
Mu (μ) receptor
37
Analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression and physiological dependence result primarily from opioid analgesic action at this receptor
Mu receptor
38
Analgesic effects of opioids are due to ability to inhibit ____________ pain transmission and activate ____________ pain-inhibitory circuits
1. ascending 2. descending
39
The descending pain inhibitory neuron is inhibited by this NT
GABA
40
In patients with impaired renal function, opioids are contraindicated because?
half-life is prolonged
41
The analgesic use of opioids is for the treatment of what pain range?
moderate to severe pain
42
TRUE OR FALSE: all species of opium poppy & its parts or substance are prohibited in importation, sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution and transportation, but not in culinary purposes
False
43
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids are able to stimulate the dorsal horn of the spinal cord for pain modulation & suppression
True
44
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids are able to bind to pain receptors to inhibit neurons involved in the anterior spinothalamic tract.
False it inhibits the LATERAL spinothalamic tract
45
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids are used for post-surgical pain and cancer pain. It can be used for acute and chronic pain A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. Both statements are true
46
TRUE OR FALSE: In the level of the spinal cord, opioids are able to decrease the release of pain mediating substances. It also repolarize the postsynaptic neuron. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Only the 1st statement is true Hyperpolarization happens
47
TRUE OR FALSE: In hyperpolization, the neuron is more positive, therefore, enabling transmission of impulse.
False *negative * not able to transmit AP
48
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids decreases the excitability if A-Beta, A-Delta, and C fibers on the peripheral nerves.
False It only targets A-Delta and C fibers
49
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids are recommended for mild pain such as headaches
False
50
TRUE OR FALSE: Fentanyl is the latest kind of opioid that is used to treat chronic pain transdermally.
True
51
determine which response results from the following receptors. answers for each number may be up until 2-3. 1. cardiovascular stimulation 2. sedation 3. respiratory depression A. delta B. mu C. kappa D. sigma
1. D 2. A & C 3. B
52
Select the letter/s which represents the common manifestations of the abstinence syndrome: A. Insomnia B. Irritability C. Delirium D. Hypertension E. Diabetes
A & B
53
Select the letter/s which represents the common manifestations of the abstinence syndrome: A. Stomach cramps B. Ptosis C. Edema D. Sweating E. Fatigue
A, D, E only
54
Choose as many letters appropriate. 1. derived from alkaloid and manufactured in laboratories 2. semisynthetic A. Tramadol & Oxycodone B. Nalbuphine C. Fentanyl
Both A. Tramadol & Oxycodone
55
Choose as many letters appropriate. 1. Available in IV (intramuscular or subcutaneous use) 2. Available in injectable form (IV or through epidural space) A. Tramadol & Oxycodone B. Nalbuphine C. Fentanyl
1. B 2. C
56
Choose as many letters appropriate. 1. Given post-operatively 2. Manufactured by color, which signifies the drug dose A. Tramadol B. Oxycodone C. Nalbuphine D. Fentanyl
1. C & D 2. B
57
What is the effect of taking opioids for a period of time, but suddenly stopping intake?
physical dependence
58
What is the half life of non-opioids?
2-3 hours
59
True or False: Acetaminophen/paracetamol is indicated for pts with aspirin allergy.
True
60
The following may be adverse effects of Non-opioid intake, EXCEPT: A. increase in nephrotic enzymes B. dizziness C. disorientation D. excitement E. none
A. increase in nephrotic enzymes
61
The following may be adverse effects of Non-opioid intake, EXCEPT: A. methemoglobinemia B. hemolytic anemia C. acute renal tubular necrosis D. central lobular necrosis E. none
E. none
62
This was used to be an effective drug but it gave kidney and liver problems
phenacetin
63
Acetaminophen/Paracetamol inhibits what Cox pathway for pain and inflammation?
3 NOTE: Nonetheless, this drug dos NOT have a significant anti-inflammatory property
64
TRUE OR FALSE: Opioids are able to decrease breathing rhythm and depth. This results to respiratory depression and eventually apnea A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true Decrease rate & depth
65
This is part of the opioid alkaloids that is also used to reverse the side effects of the drug
Thebaine
66
Based on the Numeric Pain Scale, in what range can opioids be used?
4-10

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