S3.2 Functional Groups Flashcards
1
Q
listed functional groups
A
- saturated
- unsaturated
- halogeno
- carboxyl
- carbonyl
- hydroxyl
- alkoxy
- amino
- amido
- phenyl
- esters
2
Q
listed Homologous series
A
- alkanes
- alkenes
- alkynes
- halogenalkanes
- alcohols
- carboxylic acids
- aldehydes
- ketones
- ethers
- amides
- esters
3
Q
Trend in m.p/b.p when carbon chain increases
A
down homologous series = more points of contact = more LDF = more energy = higher mp
4
Q
No of C related to bp.
A
- methane, ethane, propane = gases
- n=5 -> n=20 = liquid
- n>20 = solid
5
Q
Functional group
A
Parts of organic molecules which give them their chemical & physical properties
6
Q
Homologous series
A
Series of compounds that have the same general formula, similar chemical properties and gradually changing physical properties
7
Q
alkanes
A
- Functional Group
- -ane
- hydrocarbon
- saturated
- CnH2n+2
8
Q
alkenes
A
- Functional Group
- -ene
- hydrocarbon
- unsaturated
- CnH2n
8
Q
Halogeno
A
- Functional Group
- C-halogen- o
- C-X
- F, Br, Cl, I
8
Q
alkyne
A
*Functional Group
* -yne
* hydrocarbon
* unsaturated
* CnH2n-2
9
Q
Carbonyl
A
*Functional Group
* C=O
* makes Ketones & Aldehydes
10
Q
Carboxyl
A
- Functional Group
- -COOH
- -oic acid
- carboxylic acid
11
Q
Alkoxy
A
- Functional Group
- R-O-R2
- ether
11
Q
hydroxyl
A
- Functional Group
- -OH
- -ol
- alcohol
- primary, secondary, tertiary
11
Q
Ester
A
- Functional Group
- -COOR
- alcohol +acid
12
Q
Phenyl
A
- Functional Group
- aromatic hydrocarbon
- cyclic structure
- benzene ring
13
Q
Amido
A
- functional group
- OCNH (peptide bond)
- derivative of ammonia
13
Q
Amino
A
- functional group
- -NH2
- amines
13
Q
alcohols
A
- homologous series
- -ol
- -OH (hydroxyl)
- CnH2n+1OH
13
Q
Carboxylic acid
A
- homologous series
- -oic acid
- -COOH
- CnH2n+1COOH
13
Q
Aldehydes
A
- homologous series
- -al
- -CO (terminal C)
- CnH2nO
13
Q
Ketones
A
- -one
- -CO (within chain)
- CnH2nO
14
Q
Ethers
A
- homologous series
- -oxy in middle of two groups
- -R-O-R’
- CnH2n+2O
ex: ethoxymethane
15
Q
Amides (h)
A
- homologous series
- -amide
- -OCNR
16
Esters
* parent alcohol stem + carboxylic acid
* -COO
* condensation reaction
17
Writing structural formula of homologous series
Seperate functional group from stem
18
Nomenclature steps
1. select longest continuous chain of carbon atoms & assign stem
2. number carbon atoms from nearest branch
3. name branches & indicate position
4. use 'di', 'tri', 'tetra' when same branch is present more than once
5. arrange in alphabetical order
19
Nomenclature for amide
