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IB Chem HL > S3.2 Functional Groups > Flashcards

S3.2 Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

listed functional groups

A
  • saturated
  • unsaturated
  • halogeno
  • carboxyl
  • carbonyl
  • hydroxyl
  • alkoxy
  • amino
  • amido
  • phenyl
  • esters
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2
Q

listed Homologous series

A
  • alkanes
  • alkenes
  • alkynes
  • halogenalkanes
  • alcohols
  • carboxylic acids
  • aldehydes
  • ketones
  • ethers
  • amides
  • esters
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3
Q

Trend in m.p/b.p when carbon chain increases

A

down homologous series = more points of contact = more LDF = more energy = higher mp

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4
Q

No of C related to bp.

A
  • methane, ethane, propane = gases
  • n=5 -> n=20 = liquid
  • n>20 = solid
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5
Q

Functional group

A

Parts of organic molecules which give them their chemical & physical properties

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6
Q

Homologous series

A

Series of compounds that have the same general formula, similar chemical properties and gradually changing physical properties

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7
Q

alkanes

A
  • Functional Group
  • -ane
  • hydrocarbon
  • saturated
  • CnH2n+2
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8
Q

alkenes

A
  • Functional Group
  • -ene
  • hydrocarbon
  • unsaturated
  • CnH2n
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8
Q

Halogeno

A
  • Functional Group
  • C-halogen- o
  • C-X
  • F, Br, Cl, I
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8
Q

alkyne

A

*Functional Group
* -yne
* hydrocarbon
* unsaturated
* CnH2n-2

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9
Q

Carbonyl

A

*Functional Group
* C=O
* makes Ketones & Aldehydes

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10
Q

Carboxyl

A
  • Functional Group
  • -COOH
  • -oic acid
  • carboxylic acid
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11
Q

Alkoxy

A
  • Functional Group
  • R-O-R2
  • ether
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11
Q

hydroxyl

A
  • Functional Group
  • -OH
  • -ol
  • alcohol
  • primary, secondary, tertiary
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11
Q

Ester

A
  • Functional Group
  • -COOR
  • alcohol +acid
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12
Q

Phenyl

A
  • Functional Group
  • aromatic hydrocarbon
  • cyclic structure
  • benzene ring
13
Q

Amido

A
  • functional group
  • OCNH (peptide bond)
  • derivative of ammonia
13
Q

Amino

A
  • functional group
  • -NH2
  • amines
13
Q

alcohols

A
  • homologous series
  • -ol
  • -OH (hydroxyl)
  • CnH2n+1OH
13
Q

Carboxylic acid

A
  • homologous series
  • -oic acid
  • -COOH
  • CnH2n+1COOH
13
Q

Aldehydes

A
  • homologous series
  • -al
  • -CO (terminal C)
  • CnH2nO
13
Q

Ketones

A
  • -one
  • -CO (within chain)
  • CnH2nO
14
Q

Ethers

A
  • homologous series
  • -oxy in middle of two groups
  • -R-O-R’
  • CnH2n+2O

ex: ethoxymethane

15
Q

Amides (h)

A
  • homologous series
  • -amide
  • -OCNR
16
Q

Esters

A
  • parent alcohol stem + carboxylic acid
  • -COO
  • condensation reaction
17
Q

Writing structural formula of homologous series

A

Seperate functional group from stem

18
Q

Nomenclature steps

A
  1. select longest continuous chain of carbon atoms & assign stem
  2. number carbon atoms from nearest branch
  3. name branches & indicate position
  4. use ‘di’, ‘tri’, ‘tetra’ when same branch is present more than once
  5. arrange in alphabetical order
19
Q

Nomenclature for amide

IB Chem HL (18 decks)

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