S3.1 Periodic Table - Transition Metals

Question 1

Transition Metal properties

Answer 1

• incomplete d-sublevel
• complex ions with ligands
• good catalytic properties
• varying magnetic properties
• high melting point

Question 2

Transition Metal

Answer 2

element with an incomplete d-subshell that is able to form cations with an incomplete d-subshell

Question 3

Ferromagnetism

Answer 3

Permanent magnetism caused by unpaired electrons aligning parallel to eachother in domains irrespective of wheter a external magnetic/electrical field is applied

Question 4

Paramagnetism

Answer 4

spinning unpaired electrons create a small magnetic field and make the complex weakly magnetic when a external magnetic/electrical field is applied

Question 5

Diamagnetism

Answer 5

shown when all the electrons in the complex are spin-paired creating very weak & opposes magnetic or electrical field

Question 6

ligands

Answer 6

negative ions/uncharged molecules w/ one or more non-bonding pairs of e-
* electron dodnors
* form dative covalent bonds = give to metal orbital

Question 6

bidentate ligand

Answer 6

• donate 2 pairs of electrons to central metal ion
  ex: C2O4

Question 6

monodentate ligand

Answer 6

• donate 1 pair of electrons to central metal ion
  ex: h2O, NH3, Cl-

Question 6

Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic

Answer 6

para
* unpaired => spinning e- cause dipole
* attracted to electromagnetic fields

dia
* only paired
* repelled by magnetic field

Question 7

TM complexes

Answer 7

central metal ion surrounded by ligands covalently bonded to them

Question 7

hexadentate ligand

Answer 7

donate 6 electrons to the central metal ion

ex: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Question 8

Derermining classification of ligand

Answer 8

1. What is coordination no. of metal complex (no. of bonds)
2. how many atoms is ligand using to bond to the metal complex?

Question 9

crystal field theory

Answer 9

d orbitals placed in isotropic elctrostatic field => orbital increases in energy and electrons repel energy from charges

Question 10

why do TM form colored complexes?

Answer 10

orbitals in t2g energy level absorb light and transmitt visible light which our eyes detect

Question 11

factors affecting crytsal field energy

Answer 11

• nuclear charge of metal = CFE increases down group
• oxidation state = CFE increases as oxidation state increases
• geometry of complex = CFE only for octahedral
• charge density = greater; greater CFE (spectrochemical series)

Question 12

Splitting orbitals in CFE

Answer 12

dx^2-y^2 and dx^2