Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S3 1538 > S3 M7 Cellular Regulation > Flashcards

S3 M7 Cellular Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoieses

A

Rapid continuous turnover of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Leukemia

A

Hematopoietic malignancy of the a particular blood cell

can be granulocyte, lymphocyte, erythrocyte or megakaryocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Leukemia defects originate in

A

hematopoietic stem cells

the myeloid

lymphoid stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

myeloid

A

nonlymphoid blood cells

RBCs, platelets, mast cells, macrophages, WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of leukocytes

A

eosinophils

basophils

monocytes

go out of whack with leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia AML 101

A

occurs before 45y

Most common nonlymphocytic leukemia

Death chances increase with age

Death is usually from infection of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Manifestations of AML

Acute myeloid leukemia

A

Neutropenia - fever and infection

Anemia - fatigue dyspnea pallor

Thrombocytopenia - petechia, ecchymoses, bleeding tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AML and manifestations inorgans

A

Pain in liver or spleen from enlargement

Bone pain from marrow expansion

Hyperplasia (enlargement) of gums

Hyperplasia of synovial space of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnostics of AML

A

CBC - v in erythrocytes and platelets

v in Leukocytes

Bone marrow analysis - 20% increase in immature leukocytes aka Blast Cells Hallmark of diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AML treatment

A

Aggressive chemo - induction therapy (hospitalization for weeks)

results in low ANC

Packed RBCs and Platelets for ANC

G-CSF or GM-CSF - promote granulocyte and macrophage growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment for APL

A

All-trans retinoic acid - prevents blast cells from proliferating at an immature age

+ Arsenic trioxide

Anthracycline for those at risk of relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Absolute neutrophil count

A

precise calculation of the number of circulating neutrophils

DROPS in AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Consolidation therapy

A

Done to reduce the chances of recurrence of leukemia

usually contains cytarabine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HSCT

A

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

+ Aggressive chemo

+ Radiation therapy

Goal is to DESTROY patient hematopoietic function

PT is then “rescued” by the infusion of normal HSCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common bleeds in AML

A

GI

Pulmonary

Vag

Intracranial

DIC is common, more so with APL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As tumors die uric aid and phosphorus will increase. Monitor

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chronic Myeloid leukemia CML 101

A

Pain in Liver Spleen and Long bones - excessive leukocyte proliferation

SOB, confusion - due to too much leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 stages of CML

Chronic

Transformation

Acceleration (blast crisis)

A

Chronic - low complications

Transformation and acceleration - increase in complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rx treatment for CML

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Imatinib

HSCT if not Rx progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Transformation phase CML S/S

A

bone pain, fever, weight loss

Spleen will enlarge

Anemia/Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acceleration (blast crisis) phase CML S/S

A

Same as AML

Induction therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nursing management of CML

A

PCR to detect levels of BCR-ABL molecules

Major molecular response Benchmark for determining efficacy

Biggest issue with taking tyrosine therapy is ADHERENCE, STRESS importance of taking meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acute lymphocyte leukemia ALL 101

A

uncontrolled proliferation of immature B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Common in kids and those over 50y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

S/S of ALL acute lymphocyte leukemia

A

v in granulocytes erythrocytes and platelets

^ in IMMATURE leukocytes

Highest rate of organ infiltration (liver spleen bones)

Attacks CNS - Cranial nerve palsies and Headache/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment for ALL

A

Chemo

Cranial irradiation if CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rx for ALL

A

Corticosteroids

Vinca alkaloids

Anthracyclines

HSCT in worst case

These meds are toxic to the LIVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Due to corticosteroid use in ALL complications may include

A

Resp infection

Avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Chronic Lymphocyte Leukemia CLL

A

Most prevalent type of adult leukemia

Familial predisposition exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia CLL patho

A

B lymphocyte malignancy

Mature cells escape apoptosis

Excessive accumulation of cells in the marrow and circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many stages of CLL

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

1st stage of CLL

A

increase in lymphocytes exceeding 100,000/mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In CLL, malignant cells are so small that they don’t affect

A

Pulmonary or cerebral function

Mostly affects lymph nodes and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Immunophenotyping of circulating B cells

A

Critical to establish diagnosis and gauge prognosis of CLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CLL autoimmune complications

A

Anemia

Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

S/S of CLL

A

^ lymphocytes

Enlargement of lymph nodes

Enlargement of spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CLL “B symptoms”

A

Fever

Drenching sweat (especially at night)

Unintentional weight loss

Watch for Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Calculate functional status

A

Life expectancy independent of CLL

Creatinine clearance

ADLs

The better you score the more aggressive therapy you can handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Treatment for CLL

A

Immunotherapy and Chemo

If not effective, Kinase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Side effect of Fludarabine used in CLL

A

Bone marrow suppression - neutropenia, thrombocytopenia etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Side effects of Alemtuzumab

A

Drop in B and T cells = high risk for infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Basic Nursing focus with leukemia

A

Infection and bleeding

Mucositis management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Nutrition and Leukemia

A

Small frequent feedings

soft texture

moderate temperature

Daily body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pain and leukemia

A

Tylenol

Sponging with cool water NO COLD

PCA (patient controlled analgesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Fatigue and leukemia

A

Stationary bike

Physicals therapy

Just sitting up during the day will improve tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

F/E and leukemia

A

Measure I&Os - dehydration and fluid overload

CBC BMP - lytes, BUN, creatinine, hematocrit

K and Mag are frequent IVs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

With leukemia don’t forget to manage

A

Hygiene

Anxiety and grief

Spiritual well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Lymphoma

A

Lymph node tumors

Can involve spleen, GI tract, liver, bone marrow

2 types, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma 101

A

Rare, high cure rate

happens between 15y and 34y or over 60y

familial pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma patho

A

Single node origin

Reed-Sternberg Cell - huge immature lymphoid tumor cell, Core cell of the disease, all benign cells around it just support it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

S/S of hodgkin lymphoma

A

Enlargement of one or more lymph nodes on neck, Painless and firm

Cervical, Supraclavicular and mediastinal nodes most common

Mediastinal mass may be large enough to close trachea and cause dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Organ S/S of hodgin lymphoma

A

Organ compression

Pulmonary effusion

Jaundice

Abdominal pain

Bone pain

B symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

B symptoms

A

Fever

Drenching seats

Weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Rate of RBC settling - elevation indicates hodgkin lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Diagnosing hodgkin lymphoma

A

Lymph node biopsy

Finding of the Reed-Sternberg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Staging

A

Assessing the extent of hogkins

like b symptoms

lymph node palpation

spleen and liver size

Xray and CT

PET positron emission tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Treatment for hodkins

A

Chemo plus meds

MoAb - attack’s Reed Sternberg but also attacks T and B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Hodgkins survivors are at risk of

A

Other cancers

Cardiovascular diseases

Endocrine system problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Nursing management of hodkins

A

Check for secondary malignancy

Decrease tobacco, alcohol and exposure to carcinogens/excessive sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

non-hodgkin lymphoma NHL

A

neoplastic excess growth of lymphoid tissue

B and T lymphocyte overgrowth

As opposed to hodgkin, in NHL tissues are largely infiltrated

spread is unpredictable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

NHL is the _ most common cancer

A

6th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

S/S of NHL

A

Lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes) is most common

B symptoms

Masses can mess with organ function like breathing problems, renal problems, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Indolent vs Aggressive NHL

A

Indolent -small cells distributed in circular pattern

Aggressive - large cells distributed in diffuse pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Staging for NHL

A

CT PET

Bone marrow biopsies

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Predictors for lymphomas

A

IPI and FLIPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

R CHOP

A

MoAb + chemo

Aggressive treatment for Lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

In Lymphoma has CNS symptoms treat with

A

Cranial radiation

Intrathecal chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Other therapies for lymphomas

A

Immunotherapy

Radiopharmaceutical agents

HSCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Most common treatment for NHL

A

Chemo and radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Nursing management for NHL

A

Fatigue due to chemo and radiation

Risk of infection due to suppression of immunity

Teach pt about monitoring S/S of infection

Screen survivors regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

NHL survivors are faced with handling

A

Fatigue, depression, anxiety, cardiac and pulmonary toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Recommendations for cancer survivors

A

Good BMI

Smoking cessation

Improve nutrition

150 min of aerobic activity per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Leukemia is a disease of the

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer to other sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

ALL and AML occur more commonly in

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Consolidation

A

Increasing meds and doses to treat leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Med maintenance time for kids after leukemia

A

2-3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Leukemia risk factors

A

Male gender

2-5 y

White

fam hist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Salmon colored or blue gray papular nodules

Will be subq and rubbery

A

Indicate AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Increased work breathing

Facial edema

Venous engorgement

A

Signs of NHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Pain management system

3 steps

A

1 nonopioid/adjuvant

2 mild/moderate opioid and nonopioid/adjuvant

3 severe opioid and nonopioid/adjuvant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Fatigue with cancer can be caused by

A

Pain/pruritis

Malnutrition

Lyte imbalance

Impaired physical ability

Uncertainty/anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Stomatitis is a form of

A

Mucositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

How to treat mucositis

A

Palifermin IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Radiation therapy lead to skin

A

Integrity issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Cancer and hair

A

Alopecia

begins 2 to 3 weeks after chemo and radiation starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

If a tumor metastasizes at the epithelium this lead to

A

Malignant skin lesions

Monitor lesions for size, appearance, pain, drainage and evidence of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Cancer Survivorship monitoring

A

follow ups

approaches to treat symptoms

rehabilitative needs

late effect monitoring

surveillance and screening for new cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Pain management in pallative care

A

have analgesics on a schedule instead of PCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Palliative care teaching

A

Setting realistic goals

using energy conservation methods to accomplish tasks and activities that the PT values most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Malnutrition is greater in Crohn’s or Ulcerative Colitis

A

CROHNS may be on test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Leukemia is a cancer of

A

BLOOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Bone marrow is where blood cells are

A

Created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Liver and spleen and extramedullary hematopoiesis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Overgrowth of immature blood cells

Fills the blood and THEN the bone marrow

This is called

A

Leukemia

95
Q

Anemia occurs with leukemia because immature cells

S/S

A

Push all cells out of space

This causes FATIGUE AT REST may be on test

96
Q

Blood labs with leukemia

A

v RBC

v Platelets

^ WBC

97
Q

Myeloid in AML means the cells that cause issues are

A

RBCs

Platelets

5 main WBCs

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, etc.

98
Q

Onset of AML

A

Abrupt

99
Q

What enlarges with AML

What decreases with AML

A

Bones Liver Spleen (this is where cells form)

Neutropenia, low platelets, low energy (fatigue)

100
Q

Main complications of AML

A

Infection

DIC

Tumor lysis syndrome

101
Q

Onset of symptoms in Chronic myeloid leukemia CML is

A

SLOW

102
Q

Blast cells = neutrophils are affected by

A

CML

103
Q

Bone marrow spleen and liver enlargement

increase in leukocytes

are generally present in

A

ALL Leukemias

104
Q

CML patients have B symptoms which are

A

Fever

night sweats

weight loss

fatigue

105
Q

Tyrosinekinase inhibitors TKI are used to

A

Philadelphia cell leukemia

106
Q

Lymphocytic leukemia involves what cells

A

WBCs only

T Cells

B Cells

NKs

and basic WBCs

107
Q

Strong familial predisposition is associated with

Age

Mainly affects what cell

A

CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia

72

B Cell

108
Q

Lymphoma is abnormal growth of what

A

Lymph nodes START

can travel to spleen, GI tract, liver, bone marrow

109
Q

Do lymphomas have pain

Do they have itching

A

NO, may be on test

YES

110
Q

Do Lymphoma PTs have B symptoms

A

YES

111
Q

Increase in chemo intensity =

A

increase in positive outcomes BUT ALSO increase in toxicity

112
Q

More common lymphoma

A

nonhodgkins

113
Q

nonhodgkins cells can travel to

A

any part of body

114
Q

Infection monitoring with lymphomas

A

CBC q day

ANC key indicator

Avoid invasive procedures (foleys, injections)

Hand washing

Obtain culture BEFORE antibiotics

115
Q

Can leukemia pts get flowers

A

NO

116
Q

Due to low platelet counts Leukemia pts may have internal bleeding indicated by

A

HR will go up

BP will go down

Altered mental status

117
Q

Mucositis, a side effect of chemo

care

A

ulcers anywhere down the GI tract

No coffee, tobacco, alcohol, hot foods

Oral hygiene, NS wash q1-4h

Unless pt is eating, remove dentures

118
Q

pain meds are better given

A

early in cycle

119
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ DCIS

A

Proliferation of malignant cells in milk duct WITHOUT invasion of surrounding tissue

120
Q

Assessment for DCIS

A

Accurate diagnosis

Size and grade assessment

Margin evaluation

121
Q

Mutation in BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 indicates

A

increased risk for breast cancer

122
Q

Chemopreventives for breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

raloxifene

123
Q

Prophylactic mastectomy

A

Total mastectomy of a breast at risk

Reasons to get

Fam history, BRCA, LCIS, previous cancer

124
Q

Breast cancer is usually found in the

A

upper outer quadrant

125
Q

S/S of breast cancer

A

nontender fixed hard mass

skin dimpling, nipple retraction, skin ulceration

126
Q

BC prognosis is based on

A

size

spread to other areas

127
Q

Preoperative nursing interventions

A

Know difference between ALND (axillary lymph node dysection) and SLNB (sentinel lymph node biopsy) and treatment options

Emotional support

promote decision making

128
Q

Postoperative nursing interventions

A

Pain and discomfort relief THERAPY

Promote positive body image

Promote coping

improve sexual function

Monitor for complications LYMPHEDEMA

129
Q

When are post surgery drains removed

A

When drain output is less than 30ml in 24h

130
Q

Complications of breast surgery

A

Lymphedema

Hematoma/Seroma

Infection

131
Q

Range of motion exercises should be performed at what rate

A

3 times a day

20 min session

132
Q

Brachytherapy

A

radiation delivered via internal device

given over 4 to 5 days as opposed to regular radiation

which is 5 to 6 weeks

133
Q

Nursing management for radiation therapy

A

Used mild soap and minimal rubbing

No perfumes/deodorants

Hydrophilic lotions

Antipruritic soap

Avoid tight cloths

134
Q

To minimize chemo side effects pts may be given

A

hematopoietic growth factors

granulocyte colony stimulants

135
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Binds specifically to HER-3 protein preventing cancer

136
Q

Most significant risk factor for colorectal cancer

A

old age

137
Q

S/S of colorectal cancer

A

change is bowel habits

blood in or on stool

anemia anorexia

weight loss or gain

138
Q

Dull abdominal pain and melena(dark stool)

A

colorectal cancer

139
Q

Screening for colorectal cancer

A

colonoscopy

140
Q

Complications of butt cancer

A

obstruction

hemorrhange

141
Q

Old butt cancer patients may report fatigue due too

A

low iron

142
Q

med to prevent butt cancer

A

aspirin

143
Q

Surgeries for butt cancer

A

segmental resection

perineal resection

Temp/permanent colostomy

Colonic j-pouch

144
Q

With butt cancer, chemo usually starts at stage _

unless your is messed up at stage

A

3

MMR, 2

145
Q

Butt cancer preop nursing care

A

Nutrition

Infection prevention

FV balance

146
Q

Butt cancer postop nursing care

A

Nutrition

Wound care

Monitor for complications, Rectal bleed emergency - hemorrhage

147
Q

Most common cause of lung cancer

A

inhalation of carcinogens

cigs

148
Q

2 categories of lung cancer

A

Small cell lung cancer SCLC

non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC

149
Q

S/S of lung cancer

A

Cough or change in chronic cough MOST common

Dyspnea

recurrent fever

150
Q

Diagnostics for lung cancer

A

Chest xray

CT

Sputum cytology

MRI/PET

151
Q

surgery for lung cancer

A

Resection

152
Q

Complications of lung surgery

A

resp failure

need for mechanical ventilation

infection

153
Q

complications of lung radiation

A

v in cardiopulmonary function

pulmonary fibrosis

heart problems

154
Q

complications of lung chemo

A

pneumonitis

pulmonary toxicity

155
Q

Nursing management for breathing with lung cancer

A

Clearance techniques

suction

sit upright

156
Q

Genes associated with prostate cancer

A

HPC 1 BRCA 1 BRCA 2

157
Q

S/S of pros cancer

A

urinary obstruction

blood in urine or semen

painful ejaculation

158
Q

Symptoms of metastases of prostate cancer

A

backache

hip pin

perineal and rectal pain

159
Q

Assessment for pros cancer

A

DRE

serum PSA

ultrasound guided TRUS

160
Q

Score to determine treatment for pros cancer

A

gleason

161
Q

pros cancer and vaccines

A

therapeutic vaccines kill existing cancer cells

provide future immunity

162
Q

Surge management of pros cancer

A

radical prostatectomy

may have impotence

163
Q

radiation for pros cancer

A

brachytherapy - radiation

164
Q

ADT

A

androgen deprivation therapy - castration - increases morbidity

hormone therapy

165
Q

Hormone therapy for pros cancer

A

LHRH agonists

Antiandrogen receptor agonists

166
Q

Other pros cancer therapies

A

cryosurgery

TURP

Pain management

167
Q

Skin cancer causes

A

UV exposure

168
Q

skin Basal cell carcinoma S/S

A

small waxy nodule

rolled translucent pearly borders

169
Q

skin Squamous cell carcinoma

A

from epidermis

Invasive and metastasizing

170
Q

SCC S/S

A

rough thickened scaly tumor

may or may not bleed

171
Q

Surgical skin cancer treatment

A

Mohs micrographic surgery - most accurate, removes layers

Electrosurgery - current burn it

Cryosurgery - deep freezing the tissue

172
Q

Topical treatment for skin cancer

A

5 aminolevulinic acid + PDT

ALAPDT

173
Q

Teaching for skin cancer

A

dressing changes and wound checking

monitor bleeding

emollient cream for dryness

follow up q3m for a year

174
Q

Melanoma manifestation

A

dark red blue

irregular shape

1cm

itching ulcerations bleeding

rapid growth

175
Q

2 phases of melanoma growth

A

1 wide

2 into skin

176
Q

Diagnosing melanoma

A

Biopsy

177
Q

Staging for melanomas

A

Tumor nodes metastasis system

178
Q

Melanoma nursing intervnetions

A

Pain and discomfort

Reduce anxiety

Monitor complications

179
Q

If cancer metastasizes in another area…

A

that is where you will have problems

180
Q

How often after 40 are mamograms and clinical breast exams done

A

every year

181
Q

When do colonoscopy’s and fecal occult blood start

A

age 50 q10y

182
Q

TNM

staging

A

t - tumor

tx t0 tis in situ

n - node

nx n0 n1

m - metastasis

mx m0 m1

183
Q

Tumor grading

A

gX g1 g2 g3 g4 g5

184
Q

Well differentiated is

Undifferentiated is

A

tumor look line normal cell GOOD

no similarity BAD

185
Q

Step 1 in tumor treatment

A

surgery removal topical burns/cryo

186
Q

Types of tumor excisions

A

surgery and biopsy

187
Q

To admin chemo you need

can you crush chemo drugs

A

special certs

double checking by 2 nurses

NO

188
Q

Chemo complications

A

immunosuppression

NV Anorexia

Alopecia

Oral effects - mucus lining thinning mucositis/stomatitis

Anemia/thrombocytopenia

189
Q

How to chemo meds work in terms to cell life

A

they affect different life stages of cell procreation mitosis

190
Q

Radiation

A

ionizes and targets tissue cells

Skin will be Sun Burned - expected side effect

191
Q

bad radiation side effects

A

Weeping

drainage

ulcers

192
Q

Do you put lotions on radiation

how is radiation give

A

NO

fractions - given in centigrade of whole

if prescribed 500 centigrade, given 20 centigrade per a session

193
Q

Protection with radiation

A

ware dosimeter and protective equipment as a nurse

let pt know to stay away from pregos and spouse

visiting times down to 30 min 6 foot distance

194
Q

Documentation with radiation should be

A

Meticulous

what time, what day, how much,

to know precaution

195
Q

Internal radiation implant seeds will cause

A

radiation precaution to last longer

196
Q

radiation ruins the taste of

A

red meat

lime or mint taste good

197
Q

actinic keratosis

A

small red areas that grow scale and thick over time

Precursor to skin cancer

might be on test

198
Q

3 types of skin cancer

A

scc - squamous, scaly lesions

bcc - basal, most skin cancer, small waxy nodules

melanoma - Most dangerous and spreading, Look like moles

199
Q

ABCDE of melanomas

A

Asymmetry

Border irregularity

Color variation

Diameter over 6mm

Evolving

generally the more symmetry the better and vice versa

200
Q

Mohs surger

A

continuing to burn or freeze post melanoma cites until biopsy comes up negative

201
Q

+5 sunburn =

A

double the skin cancer risk

202
Q

Where does lung cancer like to spread

A

brain and bone

203
Q

Adenocarcinoma lung cancer -

A

more contained

204
Q

Types of non-small lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

squamous

large cell

205
Q

Small cell lung cancer is _ aggressive

A

MORE

206
Q

best imaging for lung cancer

A

CT Scan

207
Q

Planectomy lobectomy

A

removal of a lung or lobe

cancer option

208
Q

Thoracentesis

A

removal of fluid from lungs

if bloody = cancer

209
Q

lung cancer meds

A

bronchodilators

corticosteroids

210
Q

Ductal vs lobular breast cancer

A

in milk ducts

in milk glands

211
Q

Paget’s disease

A

cancer that starts at nipple

Areola is scaly red itchy and irritated

May be on test

212
Q

1st degree relatives

if they have breast cancer so could you

A

mom sister

213
Q

Diagnosing breast cancer basics

A

mammogram/ultrasound

BRCA

214
Q

Prostate cancer is so slow that treatment can be delayed for up to

this can also lead to under monitoring

A

10 year

215
Q

Prostate cancer is also linked with what mutation

A

BRCA

216
Q

Early prostate cancer s/s

A

Hesitancy

weak stream

urgency

frequency

nocturia

217
Q

prostate cancer likes to spread to

A

BONE

the lymph nodes

will hurt

218
Q

PSA

A

prostate specific antigen

elevated is more than 4

do this BEFORE Digital rectal exam

219
Q

EPCA =

A

prostate cancer

best indicator

220
Q

Androgen deprivation therapy

A

hormonal therapy for prostate cancer

221
Q

post prostate surgery procedure

A

CBI

continuous bladder irrigation

monitor color for progression

1000ml in should = 1000ml out

222
Q

Avoid _ based mouth wash with mucositis

A

alcohol

will burn

223
Q

4 components of survivorship

A

prevention/detection

surveillance or spread

intervention for consequences

coordination with specialists (care liaison)

224
Q

When does cancer survivorship start

A

DIAGNOSIS

may be on test

225
Q

Palliative care

A

Specialty in pain management

Care to make you comfortable

not the same as hospice

226
Q

Hospice care

A

cure is no longer the goal

comfort for remainder of life

227
Q

cancer pain in mostly what type

A

chronic

228
Q

acute cancer pain

A

usually post surgery can become chronic

229
Q

chemo pain

A

tissue necrosis neuropathies

230
Q

radiation pain

A

skin, tissue, organ inflammation

231
Q

Pain unrelated to cancer

A

preexisting migraines or arthritis that make pain worse

232
Q

cancer pain is not irreversible it is

anxiety and pain increase…

A

controllable

each other in a cycle, may be on test

233
Q

pain doesnt =

A

death

234
Q

nursing interventions for pain

A

assess pain quality - duration location etc

assess influence factors - anxiety

other methods - acupuncture

use pain scale before AND after interventions

S3 1538 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions