S3 M5 Human Development Flashcards
Does intellect decline with age
NO
just get a little slower
Is depression normal in older adults
NO
Neither is loneliness
Developmental delay
Continually consistently being on on gaining appropriate skills for age
5 areas of developmental delays
Cognitive
Social and emotional
Speech
Motor skills
Daily living
Complications for babies that can result in developmental delays
birth issues
Prematurity
Low weight
Asphyxia
Infection
Environment issues
Poor nutrition
Alcohol/drugs in mom
Fam violence
Chronic ear infections can result in developmental delays because
Baby hears speech differently and so pronounces things wrong
Nursing advice for developmental delsays
Early detection
fam NEEDS to seek emotional support
Aging and heart
HF
Atherosclerosis
Aging had lungs
Loss of elasticity
Difficulty breathing
Aging and GU
Incomplete emptying, creates need to pee
Leads to fall risk and infection
Aging and GI
v metabolism
constipation
+fiber
Aging and senses
Vision Hearing Taste and Smell
ALL DECREASE
PT will add salt
Menopause
1y without cycle
starts at 51y
ESTROGEN drop
Perimenopause
Transitional phase to the final menstrual cycle
Menopause
Hot flashes
CVD
osteoporosis
Breasts become fat
GI less absorbent
GU vag dryness, stress incontinence
Dry skin
Menopause management
Hormone replacement therapy
If pt has uterus pt will also need Progesterone, not just estrogen
Give lowest effective dose for shortest time
^ thromboembolic
^ breast cancer
For vaginal atrophy with menopause
Just use topical creams
DONT start on hormone therapy
Hormone replacement therapy contraindication HRT
Breast cancer
Thrombosis
Liver problems
Undiagnosed bleeding
Nursing management for HRT
Let pt know they ARE taking hormones
DVT s/s
Pulm/embolism s/s (new or worsening if pt already has dyspnea)
Weight bearing exercises, calcium and vit D
Annual mammogram for boob cancer
Social anxiety disorder
?
ADD/ADHD
Inattention
Impulsivity
Distractibility
Hyperactivity
3 types of hyperactive
Impulsive
Inattentive
Combined
Diagnosing adhd
Symptoms last more than 6 months
Symptoms begin before 7 years
to diagnose adhd before 17 pt must have
Must have 6 or more characteristics
Stimulant Meds for adhd
Dextroamphetamine - stimulant, loss of appetite, sleep problems, headaches
Atomoxetine - decreased appetite, n/v, sleep disturbance
Non stimulant ADHD meds
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
ADHD meds should be given to kids _ food
After
so they eat
Monitor ADHD kids for
give meds early so they can _
weight loss
sleep
Autism spectrum disorder
Autism first noticed at
Infancy/childhood
Key indicator for autism
Meeting development then stopping or regressing
Characteristics of autism
Failure to develop interpersonal friendships
not talking or cutting conversations
Warning signs of autism
?
Treatment for autism is
Varied due to spectrum
No same approach to all
Therapies for ASD
Behavioral and communication therapy
Meds for ASD
Stimulants
Antipsychotics
Therapeutic play for ADHD
Used to understand a child’s thoughts and feeling and promote communication
Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention
Intensive therapy for autism in childhood.
20-40h a week
Behavior of autistic kids
Little eye contact and few facial expressions
Limited gestures
Stereotyped motor behavior
Hand flapping
Body twisting
Head banging
Signs of autism
Antipsychotics for ASD
Haloperidol
Risperidone
Aripiprazole
Stimulants for ASD
Naltrexone
Clomipramine
Clonidine
Regression in children between 12 to 36 months may be a sign of
Autism
Screening for autism
MchatR
SCQ Social communication questionaire
PDDST pDevelopmental disorder screening test
Interventions for ASD parents
Emotional support
Info about guidance and education
Stress the importance of having a routine
Developmental disorder
Child of average intelligence has difficulty mastering basic academic skills
Developmental disorder types
Dyslexia, cant read
Dyscalculia, cant math
Dyspraxia, cant dexterity
Dysgraphia, cant write
Nursing management of developmental delays
Inform child of Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
This gives kids assistance in school and an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
Intellectual disability
IQ Bellow 75
Overall inability to learn
Goal of therapy for Intellectually disabled
Achieve self sufficiency
Perimenopause lasts
2 to 8 years
Estrogen in menopause
Depleted
Meds for menopause
SERMs
Bisphosphonates
Calcium and Vit D
Breast and vagina maintanance with menopause
Mammograms for cancer
Vaginal creams to prevent atrophy
Controversial treatment for menopause
HT
Hormone Therapy
Symptoms of menopause
Hot flushes
Dryness vag
Libido loss
Night sweats
Stress incontinence
Exercises for menopause
Weight bearing
Number 1 cause of deaths for women
CVDs
Cardiovascular diseases
Problem with menopause
Bleeding 1 year after menopause
Considered malignant until cause is discovered
LDL in menopause
increases
HT can result in
Breast cancer
DVTs
PEs
Liver problems
Uterine cancer
Aging and cardiovascular system
v in output
slower recovery
^ bp
health promotion for cardiovascular system
exercise
low fat low salt diet
check bp regularly
control weight
aging and rep system
^ in residual volume
v in strength
v in gas exchange
v in diffusion
v in cough efficiency
health promotion and resp system
exercise
^ fluid intake
flu and pneumonia vaccines
avoid upper resp infections
Aging and integumentary system
v in subq fat
atrophy and decreased protection
v secretion of natural oils and sweat
fragility against trauma sun and temp
health promotion of integumentary system
limit sun exposure to 15 min
dress for temp
hydrate
use lotions with petroleum and mineral oil
Aging and reproductive system
Female
Male
Vag narrowing, v elasticity v secretions
Drop in fertility, less firm testes, decrease in sperm
health promotion of reproductive system
Female
Estrogen replacement
gyno follow ups
use lube
Aging and musculoskeletal system
Loss of bone mass
loss of muscle mass
joint degeneration
health promotion and musculoskeletal system
Weight bearing exercise
Bone density screening
^ calcium and vit D
Aging and genitourinary system
stress incontinence
Decrease in bladder strength/capacity
Male- benign prostatic hyperplasia
Female- urge incontinence
health promotion and genitourinary system
don’t drink a lot in evening
avoid stimulants
don’t hold
empty bladder completely
Aging and gastrointestinal system
v in thirst, smell and taste
v in salivation
difficulty swallowing
v in motility
health promotion and gastrointestinal system
Gum care
small frequent meals
sit up after eating
^ fiber v fat diet
limit laxatives
Aging and nervous system
v in brain volume
v in cerebral blood flow
v in nerve conduction
health promotion and nervous system
pace teaching
encourage visits
enhance sensory stimulation
slow rising
fall prevention
Aging and vision
v close vision
light glare irritation
pupils stiffen
v in contrast sensitivity
health promotion and vision
Use sunglasses
use adequate lighting
avoid night driving
avoid glares
Aging and hearing
v in frequency hearing
tympanic membrane thinning
difficulty with sound discrimination
health promotion and hearing
hearing exams
reduce background noise
enunciate
face person
rephrase questions
Aging and taste/smell
Decrease in ability
health promotion and taste/smell
encourage use of lemon, spices, herbs,
recommend smoking cessation
General adaptation syndrome for anxiety
stages
alarm stage
resistance stage
exhaustion stage
Mild anxiety
something is different and warrants special attention
Moderate anxiety
Something is definitely wrong/disturbing
mild difficulty concentrating but can be redirected to other topics
Severe anxiety
defense responses
trouble reasoning
fight/flight/freeze
Panic anxiety
Safety is primary concern of person
Cannot perceive
No rational thought
Treatment for anxiety
Positive reframing
Decatastrophizing
Assertiveness training
