S3 L2 Countercurrent Multiplication and Urea recycling Flashcards
Recap of the 2 types of nephrons
- State some of their differences
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Corticopapillary gradient:
- What is this gradient?
- Briefly explain the gradients in the kidney
- How is the gradient established?
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Loop of Henle:
- 3 ‘sections’
- Mention their permeability to water
- Transport of ions at each point
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FC to help with understanding of Countercurrent Multiplication:
- Why does the concentration of the filtrate increase as you go down the loop of Hene?
- What is osmalarity?
- Overview of what is happening at each part: In the thick ascending limb, thin descending limb, collecting duct
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Understanding countercurrent mutliplication: RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING i.e. how is the gradient set? (set before birth) (card 1/3)
- ‘Three processes that occur?
- pump Na out of the ascending tubule to create an osmolarity difference of 200mOsm/L
- Fluid needs to equilibrate in descending limb
- The fluid moves on
- Process occurs again…
Understanding countercurrent mutliplication: RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING i.e. how is the gradient set? (set before birth) (card 2/3)
- ‘Three processes that occur?
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Understanding countercurrent mutliplication: RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING i.e. how is the gradient set? (set before birth) (card 3/3)
- ‘Three processes that occur?
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Now:
- Explain what actually happens in the tubules and vaso recta, regarding the concentration of solutes in each part
- Talk about movement from one to the other
- What happens to the concentration as nephron descends
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Now:
- Explain what actually happens in the tubules and vaso recta, regarding the concentration of solutes in each part
- Talk about movement from one to the other
- What happens to the concentration as nephron descends
This card links to the one prior, it is the description of each part of the first card
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Countercurrent Mulitplication
- Overview of what this means
- Overview of what happens in the Loop of Henle
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Countercurrent Mulitplication
- Overview of what this means
- Overview of what happens in the Vasa Recta
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Urea:
- Descibe the movement of the urea at each part in the nephron (refer to next card too)
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Urea:
- Descibe the movement of the urea at each part in the nephron
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Urea Recycling:
- What is urea recycling?
- How is urea moved out of the collecting duct (through what?)
- How does this affect waters movement?
- How does ADH affect the collecting duct?
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GW
- What is the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate as it reaches the top of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle compared to the plasma?
- Primary hyperaldosteronism - what U+E’s likely to show?
Around 150mmol
Hypernatremic and hypokalaemic
