S10 L1 Diuretics

Question 1

NOTE - 10.3 notes have been added in with 10.1 and 10.2 FC

What are Diuretics?
Where do they act?
Aim of them?

Diuretics can cause diuresis and natriuresis to occur together, what is:

• Dieuresis?
• Natriuresis?

Answer 1

Diuretics act on the kidney to increase the production of urine and to eliminate water from the body.
• Reduce plasma volume + cardiac output
• Reduce blood pressure
• Reduce oedema/ascites

e.g. Cardiac failure

Question 2

Diuretics: 5 main classes (list them)
- What do most diuretics act to do?

Answer 2

Question 3

Where do these 5 main diuretic drugs work in the kidney? 
- List the exact location where each type of class of drug works

Answer 3

Question 4

PCT:
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:
How does this work?
- Amiloride:
What does this work?
Is it’s main action in PCT?

Answer 4

Question 5

PCT:
- Osmotic Diuretics:
Examples
How do they work?
Affects of this drug on ECF volume (initially), blood visocity, RAAS system
Uses of it

Answer 5

Question 6

Osmotic Diuretics - Side Effects:

• List them
• Include affect on electrolytes

Answer 6

Question 7

3. Loop Diuretics
   - How do these work?
   - Affect on ions? (specifically which ones?)

Answer 7

Question 8

Loop Diuretics

• Examples
• Most potent one?
• When is it used?

Answer 8

Question 9

Loop Diuretics:
- Side effects

Answer 9

Question 10

DCT

4. Thiazide and Thiazide like Diuretics
   - When prescribed?
   - How do they work?

Answer 10

Question 11

4. Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
   - Examples
   - What does it lead to? excretion of… reabsorption of…
   - Used to treat?

Answer 11

Question 12

Late DCT/CD

5. Potassium Sparing and Aldosterone Antagonist
   - How do each drug work?

Answer 12

Question 13

Potassium Sparing and Aldosterone Antagonist

• Examples of each
• How does this affect excretion of ions?

Answer 13

Question 14

Uses of Potassium Sparing and Aldosterone Antagonists

Answer 14

Question 15

How can loop diuretics and other diuretics (except potassium sparing diuretics) cause hypokalaemia?

Answer 15

pic

This blurb goes with the diagrams attached to this flashcard:
If blocked Na being reabsorbed from the rest of the tubule before the collecting duct, when the urine gets to the collecting duct, it has lots more Na+.
This means that in the collecting duct: greater reabsorption of Na+ and greater movement of Na+/ K+-ATPase, this means more K+ moves into the collecting duct cells and then out into the tubules to be excreted

Question 16

A patient on loop diuretics develops hypokalaemia, what should you prescribe instead of/as well as?

• Explain how this drug works?

Answer 16

Potassium sparing diuretic should be prescribed in place of/alongside the loop diuretic