S3 L1 Reabsorption of Sodium Along the Tubule

Question 1

Structure of these flashcards:

• Depth about movement of different molecules
• Summary of ‘that part’ of the nephron

Answer 1

enjoy;)

Question 2

Glucose

• Where is this mainly reabsorbed in the kidney?
• Normal plasma glucose concentration?
• How does the reabsorption occur? (which channels - more depth in next flashcards)

Answer 2

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Question 3

Glucose:
- 3 ‘processes/transporters’ involved in the movement of glucose in the kidney

Answer 3

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Question 4

T_M Glucose

• What is T_M?
• Why is T_M limited?
• What happens in diabetes mellutis, what does this mean?
• Why is diabetes mellitus common in pregnancy?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Amino acids:

• Plasma concentration for aa?
• Where are they reabsorbed?
• How are they reabsorbed?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Sodium Reabsorption in the PCT
- How is sodium ‘moved’ in PCT?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Summary of PCT:

• Reabsorption is i_______ (about osmolality)
• PCT is responsible for what main process for many solutes?
• Talk about the metabolic demand in this area
• Histology, what do PCT cells look like?

Answer 7

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Question 8

Putting everything together:

• Draw out the proximal tubule
• Add all of the processes that occur
• List drugs that ‘work’ in this area

Answer 8

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Question 9

Loop of Henle

• Type of epithelium
• Which part is impermeable to water
• Talk about concentration gradient

Answer 9

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Question 10

Loop of Henle
- What happens in the loop of Henle (include all of the transports etc…)

Answer 10

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Question 11

‘Beyond’ the Loop of Henle

• Water permeability of early part of DCT?
• Compare the CD to latter part of DCT?
• What hormone can influence the affect of water permeability?
• Histology of DCT and CD

Answer 11

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Question 12

Collecting duct

• Processes and transporters that occur here
• Drugs that affect this area

Answer 12

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Question 13

2 types of Diabetes Insipidus

• What is DI
• Sympotoms
• 2 types

Too little ADH - Central Diabetes Insipidus

• Don’t get this confused with…
• What is this condition? What is it caused by?
• How is it treated?

Answer 13

This is the inability to reabsorb water from the distal part of the
nephron, due to failure of secretion or action of ADH.

Symptoms
include; polyuria, polydipsia, low urine osmolality (i.e. dilute urine)

The causes of diabetes insipidus are:

• Nephrogenic
• Central

Question 14

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus:

• What is this condition?
• What signs and symptoms?
• Mutation of what?
• Treatment?

To work out if a patient has central DI or nephrogenic DI?

Answer 14

Which type of DI?

• Central DI: Low/no ADH
• Nephrogenic DI: Normal ADH

Question 15

SIADH

• What does this stand for?
• What does this cause?
• Signs and symptoms/what changes does this lead to in the body?
• Explanations of highly concentrated urine?

Answer 15

Explanation:
As patients are reabsorbing lots of water, leads to concentrated urine (osmolality is really high, due to lots of the water being reabsorbed back).
As so much water is being reabsorbed, it dilutes the plasma, lowering the
conc of Na in the plasma. Leads to total body fluid increase.

Question 16

SIADH cont:

• Causes
• Symptoms?
• High blood pressure with this condition?
• Values of certain electrolytes in this condition?
• Symptoms?
• When thinking about the diagnosis, must look at?

Answer 16

Question 17

Summary of sodium and water along the nephron

Answer 17

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