S3 L1 Meningeal Layers, Dural Folds and Dural Venous Sinuses Flashcards
Meninges:
- Describe very basic structure of the brain, incl fissures
- Name and describe the 3 meninges layers
- What is the name of the layers affected by meningitis?
- Describe the ‘shapes’ of the 3 meningeal layers
pic
What are the (potential) spaces called between the 3 meningeal layers?
pic
Macroscopically what is seen when…
- Skull cap (calvera) is removed
- Dura layer is removed
pic
Dural Folds and Venous Sinuses
- What does sinus mean?
- Draw out and label the layers of a dural fold (which layers of the meninges etc)
pic
Dural Folds and Sinuses
- What are the layers of dura?
- Describe them and their location?
- When do they seperate?
- What is between them?
Don’t look at this Q flashcard pic until after looking at the answer
pic
Name: - Two major dural folds (proper name) - Name the 'notch' created - Describe how sinuses look on a coronal CT -
Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
Tentorial notch
Label
pic
Dural Folds:
- Why need them?
- Problems…
pic
Dural Venous Sinuses
- What is a dural sinus?
- Where it is found? Which meningeal layers?
- Receive blood from where?
- Blood drains into…?
pic
Dural Venous Sinuses
- Name them and describe there location/connection to other sinuses (as are all connected!)
- Name location where blood exits through _______ vein (plus, name the vein it exits through)
- What are where is the confluence of sinuses?
- Superior sagittal sinus
- Inferior sagittal sinus
- Straight sinus
- Transverse sinus
- Sigmoid sinus
- Occipital sinus
- Cavernous sinus
- Superior petrosal sinus
- Inferior petrosal sinus
Two important ‘venous’ connections between the dural venous sinuses and other venous structures - intracranially and extracranially
- Name and describe two venous connections
pic
Cerebral Veins within Subarachnoid Space Drain into Dural Venous Sinuses
- How do they do this?
- Whey are these veins of clinical importance?
pic
Scalp veins also connect with Dural Venous Sinuses:
- Via which veins?
- Connection, from where to where?
- Clinical correlation
pic
Summary/Recap:
- Layers
- Folds
- Potential spaces
- Sinuses
pic
Why is a craniotomy performed
One reason - to reduce pressure in the brain
Intracranial haemorrhage
- 3 types and explain the locations
- What is bleeding in the brain tissue itself called?
- Problems of haemorrhage
pic
Extradural haemorrhage
- Type of blood (artery or venous)
- Location of blood
- Example
- Typical history of events
- Scan looks like…
pic
e.g. Anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery
Subdural haemorrhage
- Type of bleeding (artery or venous)
- What actually happens (process of events in the organ…)
- Typical history
- Scan looks like…
pic
Scans - Crescentic shape on CT scan
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Location of haemorrhage
- Causes
- Tests to what out if it is occur
- Scan - what does it look like
- Typical history
pic
