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(2) Psychology 👥 > S2_L3: Psychosocial Adaptation to Stress, Pain and Discomfort > Flashcards

S2_L3: Psychosocial Adaptation to Stress, Pain and Discomfort Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 self-care interventions a PT may educate his patient on.

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Relaxation
  3. Meditation
  4. Healthy Diet
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2
Q

A holistic approach for pain management must focus on:

A
  1. Psychological health
  2. Biological health
  3. Social health
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3
Q

Who is the Father of Stress Research?

A

Hans Selye

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4
Q

Name the 4 threats of stress

A
  1. Novelty
  2. Unpredictability
  3. Threat to Ego
  4. Sense of Control
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5
Q

Determine whether the effects presented affects which bodily system:

  1. Diabetes
  2. Hypertension
  3. Migraine Headache
  4. Obesity
  5. Stroke

A. Musculoskeletal System
B. Cardiovascular System
C. Endocrine System

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
  4. C
  5. B
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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Neuromatrix Theory of Pain is an extension and refinement of the Gate Control Theory of Pain.

A

True

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7
Q

This is the lowest stimulus at which a person reports the stimulation feels painful.

A

Pain perception threshold

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8
Q

Enumerate the 4 major processes of the neuroanatomy and physiology of pain.

A
  1. Transduction
  2. Transmission
  3. Modulation
  4. Perception
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9
Q

This is pain associated with disease progression, treatment, and concurrent conditions

A

Cancer pain

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Stress, in terms of its effects, is not a problem with people without pre-existing pulmonary diseases.

A

True

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Stressors are perceived as “threat” or “danger by the hypothalamus

A

False.

It is perceived by the amygdala.

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12
Q

Determine which of the following are part of the “bio”, “psych”, or “social part of the biopsychosocial approach.

  1. Genetic predispositions
  2. Demographics
  3. Living situation
  4. Emotional and behavioral response
  5. Patient-provider interaction

A. Bio
B. Psych
C. Social

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. C
  4. B
  5. C
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13
Q

Eustress can best be defined as ___.

A

positive stress

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14
Q

The fight-flight-freeze response is a:

A. model of a psychological response to stress.
B. physiological response to a threat.
C. behavioural response to a threat.
D. physiological and behavioural response to a threat.

A

D. physiological and behavioural response to a threat.

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15
Q

The first stage in Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome is the _______ stage.

A

alarm

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16
Q

Athletes often experience physical pain following an injury. Their sensation of pain can be reduced as a result of the release of which chemical(s)?

A

endorphins

Source: Stress (Quizziz)

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17
Q

JJ has five work deadlines to meet in two weeks. She is the mother of three young children and, while she can cope with the demands of being a mum, she is often left feeling tired. The extra effort of meeting so many work deadlines has left her feeling particularly stressed. Two days before her deadlines arrive, JJ begins to experience a sore throat and temperature. When JJ is given the extra work deadlines, she overcomes the initial shock and her body begins to increase its resistance by releasing adrenalin, noradrenalin and cortisol into the bloodstream. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, which stage is JJ in?

A

resistance

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18
Q

If JJ does not deal with her stress, she is likely to enter the ___________ stage, where she may show signs of ___________.

A

exhaustion; depression

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19
Q

The adaptive stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is the ___________ stage.

A

resistance

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20
Q

Rio has broken up with his girlfriend. He is feeling very stressed about suddenly becoming single and the end of their relationship. A physical sign of stress that Rio might exhibit is:

A. denial
B. headaches
C. panic
D. sleep disturbances

A

B. headaches

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21
Q

A stressor is:

A. a state of physiological and psychological arousal.
B. any person, object, situation or event that produces stress.
C. a psychological factor that always originates from the individual
D. an external factor that originates from the environment

A

B. any person, object, situation or event that produces stress.

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22
Q

An example of a psychological change in response to stress is:

A. Anger
B. Memory problems
C. Shaky voice
D. Avoiding behaviours

A

B. Memory problems

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23
Q

Sunshine is an example of a ________________ factor that may relieve stress

A. Social
B. Cultural
C. Environment
D. Sustainable

A

C. Environment

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24
Q

Which of the following best describes stress according to psychology?

A. A person’s prediction on a stressful situation
B. The inability to handle life’s challenges
C. The ability to assess struggles and obstacles in life
D. A person’s reaction to his inability to cope with a certain tense event or situation

A

D. A person’s reaction to his inability to cope with a certain tense event or situation

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Social factors always alleviate stress

A

False

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26
Q

What gland stimulate the production of adrenaline?

A

Adrenal glands

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27
Q

What is the name of the three stages of stress according to Hans Selye?

A

General adaption syndrome

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28
Q

According to Selye, what are the three stages of stress?

A

alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Anxiety is the most common emotional/cognitive response to stress.

A

True

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30
Q

Which stage of general adaptation syndrome is characterized by the onset of flight or flight responses and a heightened alertness to one’s environment?

A

Alarm

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31
Q

This autonomic Nervous system dilates our eyes, decreases salivation, sweats, increase heart rate, slows digestion, and secretes adrenaline.

A

Sympathetic

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Stressors can be positive, meaning they motivate the individual rather than cause anxiety.

A

True

33
Q

This refers to the excessive use of energy leading to feelings of failure and exhaustion

A

BURNOUT SYNDROME (BOS)

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When burned out, individuals have an increased risked of developing anxiety or depression.

A

True

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Giving back to your community is a kind of stress management technique

A

True

36
Q

Determine whether the descriptive pertains to somatic or visceral pain.

  1. Results from excitation and sensitization of nociceptors in tissues
  2. Referred pain
  3. May be intermittent or constant
  4. Well-localized
  5. Dull, colicky, or squeezing

A. Somatic
B. Visceral
C. Both

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A
  5. B
37
Q

Name the 3 classifications of pain based on duration.

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Cancer
38
Q

To say that pain is acute, the PT must have known that it has a duration less than ____.

A

3 months.

39
Q

This is the lowest stimulus level at which a person withdraws from the painful stimulus

A

Pain tolerance

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Tolerance of pain may be modified through personality traits, attitudes, previous experience, economic factors, gender, and circumstance.

A

True

41
Q

Determine which description pertains to the following:

  1. Subjective awareness produced by sensory signals
  2. Acts to reduce active in the transmission system
  3. Tissue damaging stimuli activates nerve endings
  4. Relay function by which the message is carried form site of tissue injury to the brain

A. Transmission
B. Perception
C. Modulation
D. Transduction

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. A
42
Q

Determine which factors open of close the perception of pain (gate control theory):

  1. Long-term narcotics use
  2. Poor body mechanics
  3. Depression, anger, anxiety, helplessness, hopelessness
  4. Distracting oneself
  5. Increasing activities

A. Open
B. Close

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. B
43
Q

___ is the subjective perception resulting from sensory input

A

Pain

44
Q

____ is the negative affective response to nociception or pain

A

Suffering

45
Q

Excessive (1)____ release may eventually lead to hippocampal (2)_____.

A
  1. glucocorticoid
  2. atrophy
46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Chronic activation of the HPA axis increases the risk of developing psychiatric illnesses.

A

True

47
Q

Asthma attacks may be triggered when stress is ____.

A

acute

48
Q

What artery is the most susceptible to inflammation of the cardiovascular system?

A

coronary arteries

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Doing your best is a kind of stress management technique.

A

True.

50
Q

Pain is an unpleasant (1)____ and (2)____ experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.

A
  1. sensory
  2. emotional
51
Q

Enumerate the 3 dimensions of burnout syndrome.

A
  1. Emotional exhaustion
  2. Depersonalization
  3. Personal incompetence
52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Not all in the resistance phase ultimately goes to exhaustion phase

A

True

53
Q

This is the lowest stimulus value at which a sensation is reported.

A

Sensation threshold

54
Q

This is the level at which the person withdraws from the stimulus after encouragement to tolerate higher levels of stimulation

A

Encouraged pain tolerance

55
Q

This stage is when body tries to repair itself after the initial shock of stress

A

Resistance stage

56
Q

What are the signs when an individual is in the exhaustion stage?

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Decrease stress tolerance
  3. Burnout
57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Most symptoms disappear in the resistance stage, but reappear in the exhaustion stage

A

True

58
Q

Pain is a (1)____ experience produced by characteristic neurosignature patterns of nerve impulses generated by a widely distributed (2)____ neuron network matrix

A
  1. multidirectional
  2. body-self
59
Q

What comprises the 3 domains of the neuromatrix theory of pain?

A
  1. Somatosensory (S)
  2. Cognitive (C)
  3. Affective (A)
60
Q

Burnout Syndrome (BOS) is the incapacity to cope with emotional stress at _____

A

work

61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Post-menopausal women respond better during stress.

A

False

Levels of estrogen in premenopausal women appears to help blood vessels respond better during stress.

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Post-menopausal women respond better during stress.

A

False

Levels of estrogen in premenopausal women appears to help blood vessels respond better during stress.

63
Q

Determine whether the following statements below are descriptive of sensory or affective aspects of pain.

  1. Accompanied by mood changes
  2. Aversive drive to terminate the noxious stimulus
  3. Detecting, localizing, assessing the intensity of, and identifying the stimulus

A. Sensory
B. Affective

A
  1. B
  2. B
  3. A
64
Q

Determine whether the following statements below are descriptive of neuropathic or idiopathic pain

  1. Grossly out of proportion to identifiable organic pathology
  2. Injury to neural structures with PNS or CNS
  3. Trigeminal neuralgia
  4. Sustained by aberrant somatosensory processing
  5. Psychogenic pain

A. Idiopathic
B. Neuropathic

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. B
  5. A
65
Q

____ is always a personal experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological, and social factors

A

Pain

66
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Qi Gong is a kind of stress management technique

A

True

67
Q

This is described in one’s actions while suffering from pain

A

Pain behavior

68
Q

This is described in one’s actions while suffering from pain

A

Pain behavior

69
Q

This is when one considers him/herself as inadequate and unsuccessful in his/her job

A

Personal Incompetence

70
Q

This is the physiological components associated with sensory input

A

Nociception

71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: We go into an exhaustion phase only when the chronicity of the stressors is not dealt with.

A

True

72
Q

This is the feeling of being tired & emotionally worn down.

A

Emotional Exhaustion

73
Q

This refers to the pattern of specific and non-specific responses an organism makes to stimulus events that disturb the equilibrium and exceeds its capacity to cope

A

Biology of Stress

74
Q

Epinephrine or (1)____ triggers release of (2)____ and (3)____ to supply energy to all parts of the body.

A
  1. Adrenaline
  2. Glucose
  3. Fats
75
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Alcohol can trigger panic attacks

A

True

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Inability to communicate pain does not negate the possibility that a human experiences pain.

A

True

77
Q

TRUE OR PAIN: Pain management should be aggressive

A

True

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