S2_L2: Recognizing Psychopathology Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE: According to biological theories of abnormality, mental illness is a type of physical disease or a breakdown in some system of the body.
True
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A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by:
A. extreme anger
B. heightened sensations
C. disturbances in social skills
D. disturbances in cognitions and behavior
E. depression
D. disturbances in cognitions and behavior
Abnormality that involves eating, drinking, and sexual behaviors are the result of dysfunction of the ___?
A. Right frontal lobe
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebrum
B. Hypothalamus
Specific laboratory tests to confirm the presence of psychopathology
A. do not at present exist
B. are used by psychologists but not by psychiatrists
C. are used by psychiatrists but not by psychologists
D. are used to test for the presence of some virtual infection or brain lesion to confirm a diagnosis
A. do not at present exist
Source: Quizziz
The DSM-5 adopted what approach in its classification of disorders?
A. a psychoanalytic approach
B. a neo-Kraepelinian approach
C. a causation approach
D.. a theoretical approach
B. a neo-Kraepelinian approach
Source: Quizziz
In the field of mental health, a clinicianβs decision to assign a diagnosis when a personβs behavior meets the specific criteria for a particular type of disorder is important because it tells the clinician
A. that the personβs problems are similar to those experienced by others
B. what caused the personβs problems
C. exactly how the problems can be treated
D. that the personβs problems are unique
A. that the personβs problems are similar to those experienced by others
For a child to be diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, he or she must demonstrate:
A. attention-deficit symptoms
B. hyperactivity symptoms
C. either (or both) attention-deficit or hyperactivity symptoms
D. with attention-deficit and hyperactivity symptoms
C. either (or both) attention-deficit or hyperactivity symptoms
Hyperactivity is most notable in
A. unfamiliar places
B. a physicianβs office
C. structured situations such as classrooms
D. unstructured situations such as playgrounds
C. structured situations such as classrooms
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are more likely to have a poor outcome if their symptoms include:
A. hoarding
B. excessive concern about their appearance
C. compulsive checking and hand washing
D. obsessional thoughts
A. hoarding
How does the prevalence of anxiety disorders among the elderly compare to the prevalence among other age groups?
A. highest prevalence rates are found among the elderly
B. prevalence rates are virtually identical across the lifespan
C. prevalence rate is lower among the elderly
D. whether threats are high or low depends on both age and gender
C. the prevalence rate is lower among the elderly
Which of the following is not typically true of GAD?
A. GAD occurs more often in women than men
B. without treatment GAD has a chronic course
C. it is not comorbid with other disorders
D. most sufferers did not seek help
E. none of the given options are correct
C. it is not comorbid with other disorders
Which of the following is not true of cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?
A. treatment gains are maintained after therapy stops
B. Clients are assisted to identify negative beliefs
C. Clients are taught to avoid and suppress their worries
D. Clients are taught to re-appraise negative predictions about threats
C. Clients are taught to avoid and suppress their worries
After an episode of depression, most people will:
A. seek professional treatment as soon as possible
B. recover within one week
C. have another depressive episode (relapse) within 5 years
D. never have another depressive episode (relapse)
C. have another depressive episode (relapse) within 5 years
A major depressive disorder is characterized by the following symptoms except:
A. grandiosity
B. weight loss
C. sleep disturbance
D. psychomotor agitation or retardation
A. grandiosity
Robert who is 21 years of age has just experienced an episode of mania. Which diagnostic label best describes his condition?
A. persistent depressive disorder
B. bipolar mood disorder
C. unipolar mood disorder
D. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
B. bipolar mood disorder
What is dysphoric mood?
A. elated mood
B. labile mood
C. depressed mood
D. inappropriate mood
C. depressed mood
People who are clinically depressed frequently note their thinking is _____ while manic patients commonly report that their thoughts are _____.
A. realistic; unrealistic
B. easily distracted; very focused
C. slowed down, speeded up
D. focused on the past; focused on the future
C. slowed down, speeded up
Which of the following is an example of a somatic symptom of depression?
A. suicidal thoughts
B. sleeping problems
C. feelings of low self worth
D. pessimistic thoughts about the future
B. sleeping problems
What is the longest term outcome for people with schizophrenia?
A. Most people recover
B. Most people do not recover completely
C. Males have a higher recovery rate than females
D. Those who develop the disorder while young rarely recover completely
B. Most people do not recover completely
The most common age when the symptoms of schizophrenia are seen in
A. before age three
B. between six and ten years old
C. in adolescence and early adulthood
D. after age 40
C. in adolescence and early adulthood
Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A. flat affect
B. hallucinations
C. social withdrawal
D. lack of initiative
B. hallucinations
Which of the following is considered one of the earliest signs that something is wrong in someone who may eventually meet the criteria for schizophrenia?
A. insomnia
B. social isolation
C. loose associations
D. auditory hallucinations
B. social isolation
For a diagnosis of schizophrenia, DSM-5 requires a decline in the personβs functioning and the presence of active psychotic symptoms over a continuous period of at least
A. one week
B. one month
C. six months
D. one year
B. one month
What is the typical course of an Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A. a lifelong disorder
B. resolves itself at puberty
C. resolves itself by age 5 or 6
D. improves itself in young adulthood
A. a lifelong disorder
These are perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus
Hallucinations
These are experiences of unreality or detachment from oneβs body, mind or self
Depersonalization
TRUE OR FALSE: There are no medications to directly treat symptoms of Dissociative Disorders
True
These are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform
Compulsions
Determine whether the following is a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia:
- Akathisia
- Talkative
- Cognitive blunting
- Anhedonia
- Hallucinations
A. Positive
B. Negative
- A
- A
- B
- B
- A
Determine whether the descriptions below are pertaining to stress, anxiety, or both.
- involves a persistent feeling of apprehension or dread that doesnβt go away
- Constant, even if there is no immediate threat
- Can affect your mind and body
- Goes away once the situation is solved
- Can be positive or negative
A. Anxiety
B. Stress
C. Both
- A
- A
- C
- B
- B
What is the primary goal for the treatment of mood disorders
To achieve euthymia
The neurotransmitter CRF/HPA is present in ___
Fear
2 prominent features of schizophrenia are (1)____ and (2)_____.
- avolition
- diminished emotional expression
β(1)____ is a state of complete physical, mental and social (2)____ and not merely the (3)____ or infirmity.β
- Health
- well-being
- absence of disease
What are the 3 determinants of mental health?
- social factors
- psychological factors
- biological factors
4 key functions that indicates a good mental health?
- Learning
- Emotional Regulation
- Social Relationships
- Resiliency
Determine which lobes fits the descriptions below:
- encoding of memory
- responsible for vision
- visceral brain
- manages higher level executive function
- processing and interpreting somatosensory input
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Temporal
D. Occipital
E. Limbic
- C
- D
- E
- A
- B
What is the βbibleβ of psychiatry?
DSM-5
____ are often called affective disorders and pertains to the external display of mood.
mood disorder
This is also known as βManic-Depressive Disorderβ or βAffective Psychosisβ
Bipolar I Disorder
TRUE OR FALSE: Grossly Disorganized Behavior is a key feature of psychotic disorders
True
This pertains to hasty actions that occur in a moment without forethought and has high potential harm for the individual
Impulsivity
Determine whether the descriptions below pertains to which eating disorder.
- Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
- Persistent energy intake restriction leading to low body weight
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
- BMI = 17.5
A. Bulimia Nervosa
B. Anorexia Nervosa
- B
- B
- A
- A
- B
TRUE OR FALSE: There is 10:1 male to female ratio in the prevalence of bulimia nervosa.
False
Determine which condition is being described.
- onset is abrupt
- word finding problems
- impaired alertness
- disrupted sleep-wake cycle
- thoughts are impoverished
A. Dementia
B. Delirium
- B
- A
- B
- B
- A
This is the repeated voiding of urine during the day or at night into bed or clothes
Enuresis
If histamine activates the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, an individual will be ____
awake
Determine whether the s/sx are normal signs of aging or symptoms of Alzheimerβs disease.
- Retrieval deficit-type memory impairment
- Amnestic-type memory impairment
- Anomia
- Insight lost
- No change in activities of daily living
A. Normal aging
B. Alzheimerβs disease
- A
- B
- B
- B
- A
____ is the exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes experienced by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment
Rebound
This is the psychologic and physiologic reactions to abrupt cessation of a dependence-producing drug
Withdrawal
This hormone regulates reinforcements & reward.
Dopamine
This disorder exhibit frequent & ongoing pattern of anger, irritability, arguing and defiance toward parents and other authority figures
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD
This disorder deals with sexual urges involving a prepubescent child or children.
Pedophilic Disorder
2 types of Anorexia Nervosa
- restricting type
- binge-eating/purging type
This presents with repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate time and opportunity for sleep
Insomnia
Determine which disorder falls in the which clusters of personality disorders.
- Schizoid personality disorder
- Avoidant personality disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Antisocial personality disorder
A. Cluster A
B. Cluster B
C. Cluster C
- A
- C
- C
- A
- B
____ is the most common type of dementia
Alzheimerβs Disease
In insomnia, there is an excessive ____ arousal.
night time
This is the bodyβs internal clock or the brainβs βpacemakerβ.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
This is the repeated voiding of feces into places other than the toilet
Encopresis
TRUE OR FALSE: Continual snacking on small amounts of food
throughout the day is considered an eating binge.
False
Source: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5) page 381
TRUE OR FALSE: During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid
True
Source: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5) page 381
TRUE OR FALSE: Bipolar disorder and manic depression have the same implications.
True
Increased negative affect may be hypothetically related to ____ dysfunction.
Serotonergic
If the present of anxiety is maladaptive, it constitutes into a ____ disorder.
Psychiatric
Fear is regulated by the ____ circuit.
Amygdala-centered
TRUE OR FALSE: Women are more prone to having generalized anxiety disorder.
True
Hallucinations are perception-like experiences that occur without an _____
External stimulus
This disorder manifests patterns of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
This cluster houses disorders that appear anxious.
Cluster C
This disorder shows a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
Schizoid personality disorder
This disorder shows a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Histrionic personality disorder
This is the final common pathway of reward
Mesolimbic Dopamine Circuit
IDENTIFICATION: Recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective medical treatment, of the original condition from which the patient suffered.
Relapse
IDENTIFICATION: Self-administration of any drug in a culturally disapproved manner that causes adverse consequences
Abuse
IDENTIFICATION: Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated
Conduct Disorder
IDENTIFICATION: Reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations or difficulty experiencing orgasm
Female Orgasmic Disorder
This pertains to the capacity to have erotic experiences & responses
Sexuality
Which gender is more prone to having insomnia?
Female
TRUE OR FALSE: Males are more prone to having ODD.
True
How many major categories of mental disorders are there?
22
How many discrete psychiatric illnesses are there?
150
TRUE OR FALSE: Rapid cycling is high up than mixed states in the mood spectrum
False
This is when depression and mania occurs simultaneously
Mixed mood state
In terms of prevalence, which gender have been shown to be more prone to having major depressive disorders?
Females
TRUE OR FALSE: Anxiety is a personβs reaction to stress
True
What do you call the βworry loopβ
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit
ADHD is typically present before __ years of age
12
Hoover sign is commonly done in the ___ extremity and is used for the DX of ____.
Lower; coversion disorder (functional neurologic symptom disorder)
Encoporesis is more prevlant in ___
Males
The sleep/wake switch on and awake is localized in the (1)_____, while the off and asleep is located in the (2)____.
- Tuberomamilary nucleus of hypothalamus
- Ventrolateral preoptic nucles of hypothalamus
Which gender is more prone to insomnia?
Women
When a patient finds any sexual arousal from observing a no-suspecting person, he or she exhibits ____
Voyeuristic Disorder
The ______ theory relates substance use/abuse to depression
Psychodynamic
This is an acute decline in both level of consciousness and cognition
Delirium
TRUE OR FALSE: Intense emotions ate disturbances of intellectual functions
True