S2_L2: Recognizing Psychopathology Flashcards by Mind Med

TRUE OR FALSE: According to biological theories of abnormality, mental illness is a type of physical disease or a breakdown in some system of the body.

True

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A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by:

A. extreme anger
B. heightened sensations
C. disturbances in social skills
D. disturbances in cognitions and behavior
E. depression

D. disturbances in cognitions and behavior

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Abnormality that involves eating, drinking, and sexual behaviors are the result of dysfunction of the ___?

A. Right frontal lobe
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebrum

B. Hypothalamus

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Specific laboratory tests to confirm the presence of psychopathology

A. do not at present exist
B. are used by psychologists but not by psychiatrists
C. are used by psychiatrists but not by psychologists
D. are used to test for the presence of some virtual infection or brain lesion to confirm a diagnosis

A. do not at present exist

Source: Quizziz

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The DSM-5 adopted what approach in its classification of disorders?

A. a psychoanalytic approach
B. a neo-Kraepelinian approach
C. a causation approach
D.. a theoretical approach

B. a neo-Kraepelinian approach

Source: Quizziz

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In the field of mental health, a clinician’s decision to assign a diagnosis when a person’s behavior meets the specific criteria for a particular type of disorder is important because it tells the clinician

A. that the person’s problems are similar to those experienced by others
B. what caused the person’s problems
C. exactly how the problems can be treated
D. that the person’s problems are unique

A. that the person’s problems are similar to those experienced by others

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For a child to be diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, he or she must demonstrate:

A. attention-deficit symptoms
B. hyperactivity symptoms
C. either (or both) attention-deficit or hyperactivity symptoms
D. with attention-deficit and hyperactivity symptoms

C. either (or both) attention-deficit or hyperactivity symptoms

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Hyperactivity is most notable in

A. unfamiliar places
B. a physician’s office
C. structured situations such as classrooms
D. unstructured situations such as playgrounds

C. structured situations such as classrooms

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People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are more likely to have a poor outcome if their symptoms include:

A. hoarding
B. excessive concern about their appearance
C. compulsive checking and hand washing
D. obsessional thoughts

A. hoarding

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How does the prevalence of anxiety disorders among the elderly compare to the prevalence among other age groups?

A. highest prevalence rates are found among the elderly
B. prevalence rates are virtually identical across the lifespan
C. prevalence rate is lower among the elderly
D. whether threats are high or low depends on both age and gender

C. the prevalence rate is lower among the elderly

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Which of the following is not typically true of GAD?

A. GAD occurs more often in women than men
B. without treatment GAD has a chronic course
C. it is not comorbid with other disorders
D. most sufferers did not seek help
E. none of the given options are correct

C. it is not comorbid with other disorders

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Which of the following is not true of cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?

A. treatment gains are maintained after therapy stops
B. Clients are assisted to identify negative beliefs
C. Clients are taught to avoid and suppress their worries
D. Clients are taught to re-appraise negative predictions about threats

C. Clients are taught to avoid and suppress their worries

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After an episode of depression, most people will:

A. seek professional treatment as soon as possible
B. recover within one week
C. have another depressive episode (relapse) within 5 years
D. never have another depressive episode (relapse)

C. have another depressive episode (relapse) within 5 years

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A major depressive disorder is characterized by the following symptoms except:

A. grandiosity
B. weight loss
C. sleep disturbance
D. psychomotor agitation or retardation

A. grandiosity

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Robert who is 21 years of age has just experienced an episode of mania. Which diagnostic label best describes his condition?

A. persistent depressive disorder
B. bipolar mood disorder
C. unipolar mood disorder
D. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

B. bipolar mood disorder

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What is dysphoric mood?

A. elated mood
B. labile mood
C. depressed mood
D. inappropriate mood

C. depressed mood

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People who are clinically depressed frequently note their thinking is _____ while manic patients commonly report that their thoughts are _____.

A. realistic; unrealistic
B. easily distracted; very focused
C. slowed down, speeded up
D. focused on the past; focused on the future

C. slowed down, speeded up

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Which of the following is an example of a somatic symptom of depression?

A. suicidal thoughts
B. sleeping problems
C. feelings of low self worth
D. pessimistic thoughts about the future

B. sleeping problems

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What is the longest term outcome for people with schizophrenia?

A. Most people recover
B. Most people do not recover completely
C. Males have a higher recovery rate than females
D. Those who develop the disorder while young rarely recover completely

B. Most people do not recover completely

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The most common age when the symptoms of schizophrenia are seen in

A. before age three
B. between six and ten years old
C. in adolescence and early adulthood
D. after age 40

C. in adolescence and early adulthood

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Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A. flat affect
B. hallucinations
C. social withdrawal
D. lack of initiative

B. hallucinations

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Which of the following is considered one of the earliest signs that something is wrong in someone who may eventually meet the criteria for schizophrenia?

A. insomnia
B. social isolation
C. loose associations
D. auditory hallucinations

B. social isolation

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For a diagnosis of schizophrenia, DSM-5 requires a decline in the person’s functioning and the presence of active psychotic symptoms over a continuous period of at least

A. one week
B. one month
C. six months
D. one year

B. one month

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What is the typical course of an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A. a lifelong disorder
B. resolves itself at puberty
C. resolves itself by age 5 or 6
D. improves itself in young adulthood

A. a lifelong disorder

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These are perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus

Hallucinations

These are experiences of unreality or detachment from one's body, mind or self

Depersonalization

TRUE OR FALSE: There are no medications to directly treat symptoms of Dissociative Disorders

True

These are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform

Compulsions

Determine whether the following is a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia: 1. Akathisia 2. Talkative 3. Cognitive blunting 4. Anhedonia 5. Hallucinations A. Positive B. Negative

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A

Determine whether the descriptions below are pertaining to stress, anxiety, or both. 1. involves a persistent feeling of apprehension or dread that doesn’t go away 2. Constant, even if there is no immediate threat 3. Can affect your mind and body 4. Goes away once the situation is solved 5. Can be positive or negative A. Anxiety B. Stress C. Both

1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B

What is the primary goal for the treatment of mood disorders

To achieve euthymia

The neurotransmitter CRF/HPA is present in ___

Fear

2 prominent features of schizophrenia are (1)____ and (2)_____.

1. avolition 2. diminished emotional expression

“(1)____ is a state of complete physical, mental and social (2)____ and not merely the (3)____ or infirmity.”

1. Health 2. well-being 3. absence of disease

What are the 3 determinants of mental health?

1. social factors 2. psychological factors 3. biological factors

4 key functions that indicates a good mental health?

1. Learning 2. Emotional Regulation 3. Social Relationships 4. Resiliency

Determine which lobes fits the descriptions below: 1. encoding of memory 2. responsible for vision 3. visceral brain 4. manages higher level executive function 5. processing and interpreting somatosensory input A. Frontal B. Parietal C. Temporal D. Occipital E. Limbic

1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B

What is the "bible" of psychiatry?

DSM-5

____ are often called affective disorders and pertains to the external display of mood.

mood disorder

This is also known as “Manic-Depressive Disorder” or “Affective Psychosis”

Bipolar I Disorder

TRUE OR FALSE: Grossly Disorganized Behavior is a key feature of psychotic disorders

True

This pertains to hasty actions that occur in a moment without forethought and has high potential harm for the individual

Impulsivity

Determine whether the descriptions below pertains to which eating disorder. 1. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat 2. Persistent energy intake restriction leading to low body weight 3. Recurrent episodes of binge eating 4. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain 5. BMI = 17.5 A. Bulimia Nervosa B. Anorexia Nervosa

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B

TRUE OR FALSE: There is 10:1 male to female ratio in the prevalence of bulimia nervosa.

False

Determine which condition is being described. 1. onset is abrupt 2. word finding problems 3. impaired alertness 4. disrupted sleep-wake cycle 5. thoughts are impoverished A. Dementia B. Delirium

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A

This is the repeated voiding of urine during the day or at night into bed or clothes

Enuresis

If histamine activates the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, an individual will be ____

awake

Determine whether the s/sx are normal signs of aging or symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. 1. Retrieval deficit-type memory impairment 2. Amnestic-type memory impairment 3. Anomia 4. Insight lost 5. No change in activities of daily living A. Normal aging B. Alzheimer's disease

1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A

____ is the exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes experienced by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment

Rebound

This is the psychologic and physiologic reactions to abrupt cessation of a dependence-producing drug

Withdrawal

This hormone regulates reinforcements & reward.

Dopamine

This disorder exhibit frequent & ongoing pattern of anger, irritability, arguing and defiance toward parents and other authority figures

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD

This disorder deals with sexual urges involving a prepubescent child or children.

Pedophilic Disorder

2 types of Anorexia Nervosa

1. restricting type 2. binge-eating/purging type

This presents with repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate time and opportunity for sleep

Insomnia

Determine which disorder falls in the which clusters of personality disorders. 1. Schizoid personality disorder 2. Avoidant personality disorder 3. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 4. Paranoid personality disorder 5. Antisocial personality disorder A. Cluster A B. Cluster B C. Cluster C

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B

____ is the most common type of dementia

Alzheimer's Disease

In insomnia, there is an excessive ____ arousal.

night time

This is the body's internal clock or the brain's "pacemaker".

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

This is the repeated voiding of feces into places other than the toilet

Encopresis

TRUE OR FALSE: Continual snacking on small amounts of food throughout the day is considered an eating binge.

False Source: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5) page 381

TRUE OR FALSE: During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid

True Source: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5) page 381

TRUE OR FALSE: Bipolar disorder and manic depression have the same implications.

True

Increased negative affect may be hypothetically related to ____ dysfunction.

Serotonergic

If the present of anxiety is maladaptive, it constitutes into a ____ disorder.

Psychiatric

Fear is regulated by the ____ circuit.

Amygdala-centered

TRUE OR FALSE: Women are more prone to having generalized anxiety disorder.

True

Hallucinations are perception-like experiences that occur without an _____

External stimulus

This disorder manifests patterns of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

This cluster houses disorders that appear anxious.

Cluster C

This disorder shows a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

Schizoid personality disorder

This disorder shows a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Histrionic personality disorder

This is the final common pathway of reward

Mesolimbic Dopamine Circuit

IDENTIFICATION: Recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective medical treatment, of the original condition from which the patient suffered.

Relapse

IDENTIFICATION: Self-administration of any drug in a culturally disapproved manner that causes adverse consequences

Abuse

IDENTIFICATION: Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

Conduct Disorder

IDENTIFICATION: Reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations or difficulty experiencing orgasm

Female Orgasmic Disorder

This pertains to the capacity to have erotic experiences & responses

Sexuality

Which gender is more prone to having insomnia?

Female

TRUE OR FALSE: Males are more prone to having ODD.

True

How many major categories of mental disorders are there?

How many discrete psychiatric illnesses are there?

150

TRUE OR FALSE: Rapid cycling is high up than mixed states in the mood spectrum

False

This is when depression and mania occurs simultaneously

Mixed mood state

In terms of prevalence, which gender have been shown to be more prone to having major depressive disorders?

Females

TRUE OR FALSE: Anxiety is a person's reaction to stress

True

What do you call the "worry loop"

Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit

ADHD is typically present before __ years of age

Hoover sign is commonly done in the ___ extremity and is used for the DX of ____.

Lower; coversion disorder (functional neurologic symptom disorder)

Encoporesis is more prevlant in ___

Males

The sleep/wake switch on and awake is localized in the (1)_____, while the off and asleep is located in the (2)____.

1. Tuberomamilary nucleus of hypothalamus 2. Ventrolateral preoptic nucles of hypothalamus

Which gender is more prone to insomnia?

Women

When a patient finds any sexual arousal from observing a no-suspecting person, he or she exhibits ____

Voyeuristic Disorder

The ______ theory relates substance use/abuse to depression

Psychodynamic

This is an acute decline in both level of consciousness and cognition

Delirium

TRUE OR FALSE: Intense emotions ate disturbances of intellectual functions

True