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(2) Musculoskeletal Examination > S2_L3: Examination of the Thoracolumbar Spine > Flashcards

S2_L3: Examination of the Thoracolumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

which of the ff are true about ligamentum flavum, EXCEPT:

A. Connects the laminae that occupies the posterior part of the vertebral spine

B. sturdy to protect the posterior spine

C. white in color, mostly made of elastin

D. during spine extension, the ligamentum flavum is pulled out of the canal

E. contributor to spinal stenosis/impingement of the vertebral nerves

A

C. yellow in color

  • ligamentum flavum is common & only seen in lumbar spine
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2
Q

modified T/F

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) runs along the vertebral bodies of the spine

Compared to the Posterior longitudinal ligament, (ALL) is wider, thicker & sturdier

A

TT

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3
Q

modified T/F

Posterior longitudinal ligament is thinner than anterior longitudinal ligament

That’s why nerve impingement is common in the anteromedial aspect of the spine

A

TF

That’s why nerve impingement is common in the POSTEROLATERAL aspect of the spine

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4
Q

match the ff spine segments

  1. Relatively rigid d/t the presence of the ribcage
  2. Where transition happens from a relatively immobile region to mobile
  3. Flexion injury pattern predominates in this region
  4. Where kyphosis is noticed
  5. Transition of kyphotic curve to lordotic curve

A. T1-T8 (THORACIC SPINE)
B. T9-L2 (THORACOLUMBAR SPINE)
C. L3-SACRUM

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. A
  5. B
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5
Q

match the ff spine segments

  1. Most injuries occur here d/t it being mobile
  2. Lordotic curve is predominantly observed
  3. Almost entirely mobile
  4. Where axial load injuries predominate

A. T1-T8 (THORACIC SPINE)
B. T9-L2 (THORACOLUMBAR SPINE)
C. L3-SACRUM

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. C
  4. C
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6
Q

match the column

  1. Posterior 1/3 of the vertebral body, posterior annulus, posterior longitudinal ligament
  2. Pedicles, facets, spinous processes, and posterior ligaments
  3. Mainly composed of anterior longitudinal ligament, anterior annulus, and anterior 2/3 of the vertebral body

A. ANTERIOR COLUMN
B. MIDDLE COLUMN
C. POSTERIOR COLUMN

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
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7
Q

match the spine

Vertebral body
1. Heart-shaped
2. Kidney-shaped

Spinous process
3. Long, thick, projects inferiorly
4. Short, blunt, projects posteriorly

Demifacet
5. For articulation of head of the ribs

Capsular pattern
6. Lateral flexion is equally affected as rotation more than extension
(Lat flex = rot > ext)

A. THORACIC
B. LUMBAR

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
  6. A
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8
Q

match the spine

Superior facet
1. Posterolateral
2. Posteromedial

Inferior facet
3. Anteromedial
4. Anterolateral

IV discs
5. Thinner, relative to the vertebral bodies

  1. Thickest, relative to the vertebral bodies

A. THORACIC
B. LUMBAR

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
  6. B
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9
Q

which of the ff are true about BACK STRAIN/SPRAIN

A. Causes mechanical low back pain

B. Non discogenic back pain provoked by physical activity and relieved by rest

C. Has no neurologic affectation/problems

D. All of the above

A

D
* Non-discogenic: not caused by a discal
problem

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10
Q

modified T/F

Sprain: pain from muscular injury
Strain: pain from ligamental injury

A

FF

Strain: pain from muscular injury
Sprain: pain from ligamental injury

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11
Q

the ff are true about ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AKA Marie Strumpell Disease, Von Bekthterev’s Disease,
Rheumatic Spondylitis), EXCEPT:

A. A Rheumatologic condition that presents with a bamboo spine phenomenon in the x-ray

B. Causes limitation of movement in trunk, Sacroilitis Tenderness over the SI joint

C. Insidious in nature wherein LBP present is for 3 months, & LBP before 40 y/o

D. Associated with morning stiffness, LOM towards extension, Decreased chest expansion

E. none of the above

A

E

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12
Q

the ff are true about CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME, EXCEPT:

A. Problems involving the cauda equina of the spinal cord which is horse tail in appearance
(terminal expansion of spinal nerves)

B. Begins on the lower border of L1 or
upper border of L2

C. Begins where the spinal cord ends

D. Involves neurologic problem

E. Upper motor neuron disease

A

E. LOWER motor neuron disease

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13
Q

match the ff

  1. Presents with bulging of the lumbar IV disc with possible appearance of symptoms upon forward flexion & worsening of symptoms occur during flexion
  2. Narrowing of the intervertebral foramen where the spinal nerves exit & cause spinal nerve impingement
  3. Avascular necrosis of the spine with the presence of the Schmorl’s nodules
  4. Common in L5-S1 region

A. HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
B. LUMBAR STENOSIS
C. SCHEURMANN’S DISEASE

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A
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14
Q

match the ff

  1. Symptoms are present upon spinal extension
  2. Common in the L4-L5 junction
  3. Appearance: unusually rounded upper back
  4. Commonly begins before puberty around 13-16 years old
  5. Elderlies can also possess this disease but is more common for juvenile pts

A. HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
B. LUMBAR STENOSIS
C. SCHEURMANN’S DISEASE

A
  1. B
  2. B
  3. C
  4. C
  5. C
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15
Q

modified T/F on scoliosis

Structural: problem in anatomic configuration of the vertebra

Non-structural: lateral deviation of spine
may be caused by muscle weakness, pain, or other non-anatomic causes

A

TT

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16
Q

match the ff

  1. Degeneration of the spine
  2. Defect/affectation in the pars interarticularis that’s commonly unilateral
  3. Affectation of the bilateral pars interarticularis with anterior translation/forward slippage of the vertebral segment (upper vertebral body)
  4. Posterior translation or backward slippage of the upper vertebra
  5. No longer assumes normal alignment & (+) decapitated dog sign on x-ray
  6. (+) Scottie Dog sign on x-ray

A. SPONDYLOSIS
B. SPONDYLOLYSIS
C. SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
D. RETROLISTHESIS

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. C
  6. B
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17
Q

T/F, the ff are the correct age of occurrence

15-40 = disc protrusion
18-45 = ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
> 45 = osteoarthritis and spondylosis
> 50 = malignancy
Adolescence = idiopathic scoliosis
13-15 = scheurmann’s disease

A

T

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18
Q

identify which gender is more affected

  1. Ankylosing spondylitis
  2. Stress on the low back
  3. Low back pain
  4. Scoliosis
A
  1. M
  2. M
  3. F
  4. F
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19
Q

match the quality/type of pain
(can have multiple answers)

  1. Deep, central, posterior, sharp
  2. Localized, unilateral
  3. Constant, deep, burning, pins & needles, worst distally
  4. Patchy, unclear, dermatomal

A. disk problem
B. horizontal facet
C. nerve root problem

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. C
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20
Q

match the quality/type of pain

  1. Widespread
  2. Diffused, poorly localized, deep, dull, aching, pins & needles, numbness along C8-T1
  3. Bilateral, posterior, vague, deep, dull

A. ankylosing spondylitis
B. thoracic outlet syndrome
C. postural problem

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
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21
Q

match the ff location of pain

  1. Around chest
  2. Intercostal pain
  3. Groin, anterior thigh, knee
  4. Cervical disc/arthritic changes

A. costovertebral in origin
B. hip pain
C. thoracic nerve root lesion
D. mimic atypical chest pain of angina

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. D
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22
Q

match the ff location of pain

  1. Anterior leg
  2. Posterior foot
  3. Buttock, posterior/lateral leg:

A. L4 nerve root
B. lumbar or sacroiliac
C. L5 nerve root

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
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23
Q

match the 4 Patterns of Pain (By Hall)
1. Pain in flexion
2. Pain in extension
3. Pain in the dermatome/myotome
4. Pain from proximal to distal

A. IV disc
B. facet
C. (B) neurological claudication/pseudoclaudication
D. nerve root

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
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24
Q

match the ff factors to consider

LBP
1. Frequently (+)
2. (-)

Standing
3. Provocative
4. Not provocative

Direction of radiation
5. Downward

A. NEUROGENIC
B. VASCULAR

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
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25
Q

match the ff factors to consider

Direction of radiation
1. Upward

Weakness
2. (+)
3. (-)

Sensory symptoms
4. (+)
5. (-)

A. NEUROGENIC
B. VASCULAR

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
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26
Q

match the ff factors to consider

Reflex changes
1. (+)
2. (-)

Arterial pulse
3. Normal
4. Decreased or (-)

Walking uphill
5. Symptoms later

A. NEUROGENIC
B. VASCULAR

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
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27
Q

match the ff factors to consider

Walking uphill
1. Symptoms earlier

Walking downhill
2. Symptoms earlier
3. Symptoms later

Bicycle
4. Not provocative
5. Provocative

A. NEUROGENIC
B. VASCULAR

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
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28
Q

T/F

the ff are the correct percentage of Pressure on the L3 vertebra
Supine 25%
Sidelying 75%
Standing 100%
Sitting 140%
Standing stoop 150%
Sitting (bend) 185%
Standing (weights) 220%
Sitting (weights) 275%

Sit-ups 210%
Superman 180%
Fowler’s 140%
Fowler’s with support 35%
(B) SLR 150%
Trunk rotation 20%
Side bending 25%
Coughing 5%-40%
Laughing 40%-50%

A

T

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29
Q

match the MacNab’s Classification For herniated nucleus pulposus/HNP (L5-S1)

  1. bulging with apparent convexity of the nucleus pulposus
  2. rupture of the anulus fibrosus
  3. ruptured nucleus pulposus outside the disc itself
  4. nucleus fibrosus is somehow intact but the nucleus pulposus already went beyond its
  5. Nucleus pulposus stays within its boundary

A. Protrusion
B. Prolapse
C. Extrusion
D. Sequestration

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. D
  4. B
  5. A
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30
Q

match the ff dog-like appearance seen in normal findings

  1. transverse process
  2. superior articular facet
  3. inferior articular facet
  4. spinous process

A. Dog’s ear
B. Dog’s nose
C. Dog’s foot
D. Dog’s tail

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. D
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31
Q

modified T/F

Spondylolysis is a scottie-dog with collar appearance wherein there’s a break is seen between the dog’s head and
the body

The Collar appearance on x-ray is indicative of spondylolysis

A

TT

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32
Q

match the Nash Moe Classification/Tool Used in identifying/determining how much rotation is assumed by the vertebral body

  1. Pedicle is slightly rotated; not fully visible compared to the normal side
  2. Pedicle is only half seen and the
    contralateral pedicle is nearing the midline
  3. Pedicle is not visible anymore while the contralateral pedicle is already at the
    midline
  4. Other pedicle is no longer visible & the contralateral pedicle has already gone beyond the midline

A. Grade 1 rotation
B. Grade 2 rotation
C. Grade 3 rotation
D. Grade 4 rotation

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
33
Q

modified T/F

Cobb’s angle is a line is drawn parallel to the superior border of the
uppermost rotated vertebra and to the lowermost vertebral inferior border

Another line is drawn perpendicular to both lines long enough until an angle is formed

A

TT

34
Q

modified T/F

Spondylolisthesis is a break in the pars interarticularis & may cause
spondylolisthesis

Slippage of vertebral body
o Bilateral: spondylolisthesis
o Forward slippage: spondylolisthesis
o Backward slippage: retrolisthesis

A

TT

35
Q

match the Meyerding classification to determine the grade of the spondylolisthesis of pt

  1. 50% slippage
  2. 75% slippage
  3. 25% slippage
  4. vertebral is no longer in contact with the structure below (100% slippage)

A. Grade 1
B. Grade 2
C. Grade 3
D. Grade 4

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
  4. D
36
Q

modified T/F

Obese people have 3x increased risk of
having a lumbar spine problem

Greater body weight = more pressure
absorbed by L3 vertebra = absorbed by IV discs

A

TT

37
Q

match the ff deformities

  1. sharp angulation in thoracic area; common among females (post-menopausal osteoporosis)
  2. decreased pelvic inclination by 20 degrees; thoracolumbar/thoracic kyphosis
  3. localized sharp posterior angulation
  4. decreased pelvic inclination by 20 degrees but spine is mobile, Lumbar lordosis is decreased or absent

A. Round back
B. Hump back
C. Flat back
D. Dowager’s hump

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. B
  4. A
38
Q

match the ff

  1. lateral curvature of the spine
  2. sternum is pushed posteriorly (Pectus excavatum)
  3. sternum projects forward and downward (Pectus carinatum)
  4. sternum projected forward and upward & appears as an airy chest that’s common among smokers especially those with emphysema

A. Scoliosis
B. Funnel chest
C. Pigeon chest
D. Barrel chest

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
39
Q

modified T/F

Muscle Guarding is the increased muscle activity even at rest

Muscle Spasm is the increased muscle activity during movement or restriction of movement d/t pain

A

FF

Muscle Spasm is the increased muscle activity even at rest

Muscle Guarding is the increased muscle activity during movement or restriction of movement d/t pain

40
Q

match the ff grade of tenderness

  1. pain
  2. pain, wincing, and withdrawal
  3. pain and wincing
  4. touch me not

A. Gr. 1
B. Gr. 2
C. Gr. 3
D. Gr. 4

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. D
41
Q

T/F

Normal chest expansion difference: 3-7.5 cm/1-3 inches

A

T

42
Q

modified T/F on ROM

C7 to T12 (cervicothoracic spine)
N flexion: 2.7 cm (1.1 in)
N extension: 2.5 cm (1 in)

C7 to S1 (Schober’s test)
▪ N: 10 cm (4 in)
▪ ROM of entire vertebra

A

TT

43
Q

modified T/F

Modified Schober’s test
▪ S2 (10 cm up and 5 cm down)
▪ N: 6.3-6.9 cm
▪ ROM of lumbosacral spine

Modified modified Schober’s test
▪ S2 (15 cm up)
▪ N: 6.7 cm for males and 5.8 cm for
females
▪ ROM of lumbar region

A

TT

44
Q

match the dermatomes

  1. knee extensors
  2. hip flexors
  3. knee flexors
  4. ankle PF, evertors, hip extensors
  5. big toe extensors
  6. ankle dorsiflexors

A. L2
B. L3
C. L4
D. L5
E. S1
F. S2

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. F
  4. E
  5. D
  6. C
45
Q

match the ff dermatomes

  1. xiphisternum
  2. corresponding intercostal spaces
  3. nipple line
  4. 3rd intercostal space
  5. apex of axilla
  6. medial elbow

A. T1
B. T2
C. T3
D. T4
E. T5-T11
F. T6

A
  1. F
  2. E
  3. D
  4. C
  5. B
  6. A
46
Q

match the ff dermatomes

  1. umbilicus
  2. midpoint of inguinal ligament
  3. between T12 & L2
  4. mid-anterior thigh
  5. medial aspect of the knee
  6. medial malleolus

A. T10
B. T12
C. L1
D. L2
E. L3
F. L4

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
47
Q

match the ff dermatomes

  1. lateral heel
  2. dorsum of the foot (3rd MTP)
  3. popliteal fossa
  4. perianal area
  5. ischial tuberosity

A. L5
B. S1
C. S2
D. S3
E. S4-S5

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
  4. E
  5. D
48
Q

match the ff DTR
(can have multiple answers)

  1. L3-L4
  2. L5-S1
  3. S1-S2

A. Quadriceps:
B. Medial hamstrings
C. Lateral hamstrings
D. Achilles

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C,D
49
Q

modified T/F

T7-T10 = upper abdominals while
T10-L1 = lower abdominals.

Superficial cremasteric reflex is at L1-L2 & is only done by MDs, not PTs

A

TT

50
Q

the ff are Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, EXCEPT:

A. Roos test
B. Adson’s test
C. Halstead
D. Military brace
E. Slump

A

E

51
Q

T/F the ff are Tests for neurologic dysfunction

  • Slump
  • SLR
  • Prone knee bending
  • Brudzinski-Kernig
  • Valsalva maneuver
  • Femoral nerve traction
  • Babinski
  • Oppenheim
  • Gluteal skyline
A

T

52
Q

modified T/F

TESTS FOR JOINT DYSFUNCTION are Stork standing & Schober’s

TESTS FOR MUSCLE TIGHTNESS are Thomas, Ober, 90-90 SLR, Rectus femoris

A

TT

53
Q

which of the ff are Congenital causes of structural vertebra

A. Failure of vertebral formation
(hemivertebra), Unequal shape of vertebra

B. Failure of segmentation (partial or complete bar)

C. Abnormal spinal canal (myelodysplasia)

D. All of the above

A

D

54
Q

modified T/F

Temporal parameters (step length, stride length, step width)

Spatial parameters (stance time, cadence)

A

FF

Spatial parameters (step length, stride length, step width)

Temporal parameters (stance time, cadence)

55
Q

identify the wrong statement

A. FIM, Higher score = better

B. Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire,
Higher score = worse; lower score = better

C. Oswestry Disability Index,
lower score = worse

D. None of the above

A

C. Oswestry Disability Index,
lower score = BETTER

56
Q

which of the ff are GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMIC INVOLVEMENT PRESENTING WITH BACK PAIN

A. Unexpected sweating

B. Increased pain when passing gas or has bowel movement

C. Alternating diarrhea/constipation

D. Low back pain

E. All of the above

A

E

57
Q

which of the ff are sx of Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A. Pulsating mass in the abdomen

B. Abdominal and back pains

C. Rapid onset of severe neck or back pain described as sharp, intense, knife-like

D. All of the above

A

D

58
Q

which of the ff are sx of Endocarditis

A. Arthralgia/arthritis

B. Low back pain

C. Destructive changes in the SI joint

D. Similar to herniated nucleus pulposus except (-) neurologic symptoms

E. All of the above

A

E

59
Q

modified T/F on Angina

May present with an isolated MIDTHORACIC PAIN

Chest pain on rest (unstable) or when exerting effort that is relieved by rest and/or medications (stable)

A

TT

60
Q

modified T/F

Paraneoplastic syndromes
- Presents with back pain, muscle weakness, loss of LE sensation, bowel and bladder incontinence, diminished LE reflexes

Pleuropulmonary disease
- presents with thoracic back pain & may radiate to neck, upper trapezius, shoulder, costal margins, upper abdomen, pain over the involved lung field

A

TT

61
Q

modified T/F on Thoracic outlet syndrome

A Neurovascular symptom complex associated with compression of the brachial bundle (brachial plexus and or subclavian vessels)

It is caused by anatomical structures in the interscalene triangle, costoclavicular space, or retro pectoralis minor space

A

TT

62
Q

which of the ff are true about adson test

A. Designed to decrease space in the interscalene triangle by having the pt in upright sitting position with arms
supported on lap

B. Pt rotates and extends neck to the tested side followed by deep inspirational breath held for 30 secs then the examiner palpates for changes in the radial pulse

C. Modification is described with shoulders in 15° abd and head maintained in testing position
for 1 min while subject breathes normally

D. (+) sign if radial pulse is absent or symptoms are reproduced

E. All of the above

A

E

63
Q

which of the ff are true about SLUMP TEST

A. Common neurodynamic test for the lower limb that maximally stretches neural structures of vertebral
canal and foramina for pt’s with herniated disc or nerve root entrapment

B. Ask pt to sit on long end of table with hips in neutral position & is asked to fold hands behind back and slump into
lumbar and thoracic flexion while maintaining the head erect

C. Gently apply pressure over shoulders with one arm and ask pt to bring chin to chest then add overpressure to the triple flexion position with the hand and ask the pt to actively extend knee on
affected side with passive dorsiflexion

D. (+) = neurological symptoms are reproduced

E. All of the above

A

E

  • Discomfort like tension over the hamstrings with restriction in knee extension or tension over thoracic spine levels T8/9 are non- pathological symptoms and NOT INDICATIVE of a positive test
64
Q

which of the ff are true about COSTOCLAVICULAR MANEUVER/EXAGGERATED MILITARY
BRACE TEST

A. Used to stress the costoclavicular interval where either subclavian artery, vein, or brachial plexus may
be entrapped

B. Pt is in sitting position and therapist assists pt in performing Scapular retraction & depression, Elevation, Protraction then hold each position for 30 secs while pt rests hand on thigh

C. Examiner monitors change in pulse and symptom onset as well as note positions that exacerbate or ease symptoms

D. Recommended modifications is by performing movements with both arms by the side & hold each position for 1 minute

E. All of the above

A

E

  • Military brace: exaggerated backward and downward bracing of shoulder
65
Q

which of the ff are true about RIB JOINT PLAY

A. Pt lies in prone with head facing side to be examined and arm at that side hanging off the edge of the table to allow scapular protraction & PT stands on opposite side of ribs to be examined

B. Ribs 2-7: hypothenar aspect of fixating hand is placed on contralateral of segment to be examined and
segment above

C. Place hypothenar aspect of working hand on the angulus costae so that forearm points into ventral, lateral, and caudal direction

D. While pt exhales, examine joint play including endfeel of costotransversal joint

E. All of the above

A

E

66
Q

which of the ff are true about STRAIGHT LEG RAISE TEST/LASEGUE TEST

A. Used for lumbar radicular syndrome wherein pt lies in supine flat on the table

B. PT standing on the affected side, grab pt’s leg & slowly lift the leg to induce hip flexiom while maintaning full knee extension

C. Observe for pt’s reaction, (+) sign if radicular pain is reproduced

D. All of the above

A

D

67
Q

which of the ff are true about REVERSED LASEGUE/PRONE KNEE BEND TEST

A. For lumbar radicular syndrome wherein pt lies in prone

B. PT will carefully flex knee on affected side maximally & may add passive hip extension

C. (+) = pt reports shooting pain down the leg or anterior thigh upon knee flexion

D. All of the above

A

D

68
Q

which of the ff are true about PASSIVE LUMBAR EXTENSION TEST

A. For lumbar instability wherein pt lies in prone

B. Both legs are passively raised 30 cm from the bench and then pull gently

C. (+) = severe low back pain or heaviness felt on the back

D. All of the above

A

D

69
Q

which of the ff are true about LUMBAR SPINE STORK TEST

A. Tests spondylolythesis or pars interarticularis fracture wherein the pt stands on one leg with the sole of the NWB foot on the medial aspect of the knee of the WB limb

B. Subject maintains balance on one leg and simultaneously performs slight lumbar extension movement & is repeated bilaterally

C. (+) = pain on lumbar region

D. All of the above

A

D

70
Q

which of the ff are true about THOMAS TEST

A. For iliopsoas tightness/hip flexor contractures wherein Pt is in supine position to check for excessive lumbar lordosis since it’s usually present in pts with tight iliopsoas

B. Ask pt to bring knee as far to the chest as possible and hold it afterwards & ask if stretch is felt on the groin

C. (+) = extended leg lifting off the table

D. Leg abduction = J sign or stroke which is indicative of tight iliotibial band

E. All of the above

A

E

71
Q

which of the ff are true about OBER’S TEST

A. For contractures in tensor fascia lata or iliotibial band tightness wherein pt is in sidelying position with lower leg in flexion at the hip and knee for stability

B. PT passively abducts upper leg and brings it to slight extension while the other hand fixates the pelvis & slowly lower upper leg all the way down to the table

C. (+) = upper leg stays in the air and does not fall down the table

D. All of the above

A

D

72
Q

which of the ff are true about 90-90 STRAIGHT LEG RAISE TEST, EXCEPT:

A. For hamstring contractures wherein pt is in supine with hips and knees flexed to 90 degrees

B. Ask pt to stabilize this position behind knees & alternately extend knees as much as possible

C. (+) = pt cannot come further than 20 degrees of full extension

D. Endfeel of pt should be muscle stretch

E. None of the above

A

E

73
Q

which of the ff are true about ELY’S TEST, EXCEPT:

A. For Rectus femoris contracture wherein pt is in supine

B. PT Flex pt’s knee maximally & compares both sides

C. (+) = pt’s hips flexes with knee flexion

D. None of the above

A

A. For Rectus femoris contracture wherein pt is in PRONE

74
Q

which of the ff are true about KENDALL TEST

A . For rectus femoris contracture by having pt in supine with both legs hanging off the table

B. Ask pt to bring one knee to chest and hold it afterwards

C. (+) = knee at hanging leg is extending and cannot maintain 90 degrees flexion

D. Ask pt if they can feel the stretch or palpate for the rectus femoris at the hanging leg

E. All of the above

A

E

75
Q

which of the ff are true about ARTERIAL CLAUDICATION’S TEST

A. Used to differentiate between LE vascular insufficiency and lumbar spine stenosis

B. Place pt on a bike & sit tall with neutral spinal alignment and good
posture then ask pt to cycle

C. After 1-2 mins, pt will complain with pain on leg then ask pt to flex lumbar spine and come forward and
lean on bike

D. Immediate reduction of pain = lumbar spinal stenosis, if pain is not reduced = vascular insufficiency

E. All of the above

A

E

76
Q

modified T/F on Lumbar spine stenosis:

Occurs in elderly with pain on long duration walking, standing (lumbar spine extension)

Immediate reduction of pain when extending lumbar spine

A

TF

Immediate reduction of pain when FLEXING lumbar spine

77
Q

which of the ff are true about HOOVER’S TEST

A. Pt in supine & heels rest on PT’s hands

B. Ask pt to raise one of their legs as far as they can

C. Feel for downward pressure on the opposite leg

D. (+) = downward pressure not felt or pt cannot raise leg

E. All of the above

A

E

78
Q

which of the ff are true about SIGN OF THE BUTTOCK TEST

A. For ischial bursitis, neoplasma, abcess in buttock, or hip pathology

B. Pt passively performs SLR, as soon as SLR is limited, flex pt’s knee and see if you can further increase hip flexion

C. (+) = no further increase in hip flexion

D. All of the above

A

D

79
Q

which of the ff are true about ADAMS FORWARD BEND TEST

A. To identify individuals with scoliosis

B. Ask pt to bend forward as far as possible

C. PT will look for convexity or rib hump on one side vs the other

D. (+) = presence of rib hump

E. All of the above

A

E

(2) Musculoskeletal Examination (11 decks)

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