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(2) Musculoskeletal Examination > S1_L3: Anthropometry & Functional Assessment > Flashcards

S1_L3: Anthropometry & Functional Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to actual sizes of body components and is taken with the body fixed or in standard positions

A

Static anthropometry

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2
Q

Refers to the ability of the body to perform certain tasks with certain distances, spaces, or enclosure. It is taken in various working positions of the body and is related to body performance.

A

Dynamic anthropometry / Functional anthropometry

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3
Q

It has the highest reliability and validity among measures of edema / swelling

A

Volumetric displacement

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Assessments in functional analysis have to be valid, reliable, and reproducible.

A

True

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5
Q

The study of human dimensions & physical measurement of traits that describe body dimensions is compared and contrasted with other standards to come up with ways for treatment and management.

A

Anthropometry

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Anthropometry aids in designing equipment and materials for special populations such as children, elderly and people with disabilities. It provides important information in the design of objects and spaces used by the normal population (i.e. ergonomics).

A

True

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7
Q

Excess fluid in tissues surrounding a joint

A

Joint effusion

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8
Q

Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

A

Edema

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Males have less fat tissue and more muscle bulk than females.

A

True

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Women have more fat in the abdominal area.

A

False, it’s men

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Stature decreases and body weight increases after 30 years of age.

A

True

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Body weight decreases after 50 y/o for females and 60 y/o for males.

A

False; 50 for males, 60 for females

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In using limb girth measurement for measuring swelling and joint effusion, the measurement should extend beyond the involved area in both directions if at all possible.

A

True, this is to give the PT an idea to what extent is the affectation of the specific limb

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In using limb girth measurement for measuring swelling and joint effusion, the measurement should preferably be from a point of zero difference to another point of zero difference.

A

True, these will used as highest and lowest landmarks

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscle bulk measurement is indicated for conditions where atrophy or hypertrophy is expected. Examples are fractures, CVA, SCI, and Duchene muscular dystrophy.

A

True

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Individual muscles can be measured in muscle bulk measurement.

A

False

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: If affectation is unilateral, the uninvolved extremity is measured prior to the involved extremity.

A

True

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscles should be at rest when measuring muscle bulk.

A

True

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When using tape measure, the tape is laid flat on the body part and should be tensed out, not slack.

A

True

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When measuring circumference, surround the body part with undue constricting pressure.

A

False, it should be without undue constricting pressure (Let the tape follow the contour of the body)

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21
Q

If the segment to be measured is irregular or conical in shape, the ___ part of the tape measure should be flat.

A

proximal

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22
Q

Enumerate the indications for limb girth measurement

A
  1. Swelling
  2. Joint effusion
  3. Edema
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23
Q

In using limb girth measurement for measuring swelling and joint effusion, the PT measures every ___ proximally or distally from the identified measurement landmark depending on extent of swelling.

A

4 cm / 2 in

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24
Q

In using limb girth measurement for measuring swelling and joint effusion, the area between the highest and lowest landmarks is the ___ which has a girth difference.

A

Girth level

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The girth level gives an idea of whether there is inflammation or atrophy present.

A

False, it’s girth difference

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26
Q

In muscle bulk measurement, the PT identifies a stable bony landmark at the ___ part of the segment to be measured.

A

proximal

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27
Q

Enumerate the steps in obtaining the measurement landmark of muscle bulk measurement

A
  1. Identify a stable bony landmark at the proximal part of the segment to be measured
  2. Identify area of the segment where muscle bulk is greatest
  3. Measure distance between (1) and (2). Record finding as the measurement landmark.
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28
Q

It is used to determine the site of occurrence in shortening that may cause apparent or true leg length discrepancy

A

Segmental Leg Length Measurement

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29
Q

Landmarks in Segmental Leg Length Measurement to measure for changes in neck shaft angle.

A

Highest point of the iliac crest to greater trochanter

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30
Q

Landmarks in Segmental Leg Length Measurement to measure the femoral shaft length

A

Greater trochanter to lateral knee joint line

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31
Q

Landmarks in Segmental Leg Length Measurement to measure the tibial shaft length

A

Medial knee joint line to medial malleolus

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32
Q

Assessment that reflects the ability to perform ADLs that require sustained aerobic metabolism

A

Aerobic / Functional Capacity

33
Q

Its primary purpose is to identify whether or not a problem exists in order to predict risk of a fall, determine underlying cause of balance dysfunction, and determine if treatment is needed or has been effective

A

Balance evaluation

34
Q

Landmarks for Apparent Leg Length Measurement

A

The tip of xiphisternum or umbilicus to medial malleolus

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: If the true leg length measurement is normal but the measurement from umbilicus to malleolus is different, a functional leg length discrepancy is present.

A

True

36
Q

Enumerate the indications for Leg Length Measurement

A
  1. Postural deviations
  2. Gait deviations
  3. Checking for leg length discrepancy (true vs apparent)
37
Q

In Leg Length Measurement, the individual is in supine with the legs ___ apart and parallel to each other. The pelvis is relaxed, in balance or in level with lower limbs.

A

15-20 cm / 4-8 in

38
Q

Landmarks for True Leg Length Measurement when affected by muscle wasting, obesity, or knee deformities

A

ASIS to medial malleolus

39
Q

Landmarks for True Leg Length Measurement when neither muscle wasting, obesity, nor knee deformities is present

A

ASIS to lateral malleolus

40
Q

Most commonly used assessment for Quality of Life and Community Re-integration. It evaluates the patient’s daily functions and if a certain number is met, the patient can still function within the community.

A

Standardized Form-36 (SF-36)

41
Q

Assessment for Quality of Life and Community Re-integration that evaluates the effects of executive function deficits on everyday functioning through real world tasks.

A

Multiple Errands Test (MET)

42
Q

Assessment that evaluates the individual’s capacity to perform work activities related to their participation in employment.

A

Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)

43
Q

Assessment that globally evaluates functional tolerance (based on medical condition) that is safe for the worker to perform.

A

Standardized Functional Assessment

44
Q

It is used to objectively assess and categorize patients recovering from head injury

A

Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)

45
Q

It is the standard scoring system to assess neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

46
Q

Most commonly used assessment for activities of daily living. It is an 18-item measure of physical, psychological, and social function that uses the level of assistance an individual needs to grade functional status from total independence to total assistance.

Source: O’Sullivan, 6th ed

A

Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

47
Q

Assessment for activities of daily living that specifically measures the degree of assistance required by an individual on 10 items of mobility and self-care ADL.

Source: O’Sullivan, 6th ed

A

Barthel Index

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Functional tests may also be used as provocative tests to bring on the symptoms the patient has complained of or to determine how the patient is progressing or whether he or she is ready to return to activity.

Source: Magee, 7th ed

A

True

49
Q

For edema up to the elbow, the landmark is the ___ then measure every 4 cm (2 in) proximally

A

radial styloid

50
Q

It measures an individual’s level of function and ability to perform functional or work-related tasks on a safe and dependable basis over a defined period of time. It may involve task analysis, observation of certain patient activities, or a detailed evaluation of the effect of the injury or disability on the patient’s ability to function in everyday life.

A

Functional analysis/assessment

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Functional analysis commonly represents a measurement of a whole-body task performance ability, rather than an isolated examination of a joint.

A

True

Source: Magee, 7th ed

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Functional assessment should include an examination consisting of a pertinent clinical history, behaviors that might impact physical performance, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, functional testing, and an assessment of effort.

A

True

53
Q

Determine the corresponding category of the assessments:

  1. Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)
  2. Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT)
  3. Get Up and Go Test
  4. Patient Specific Functional Scale
  5. Functional Gait Assessment
  6. Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

A. Activities of daily living
B. Aerobic / Functional Capacity
C. Balance Evaluation
D. Cognition
E. Quality of Life and Community Re-integration
F. Standardized Functional Assessment

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. C
  4. A
  5. C
  6. A
54
Q

Determine the corresponding category of the assessments:

  1. Maximal Oxygen Uptake - VO2Max
  2. Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI)
  3. Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
  4. Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB)
  5. Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)
  6. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure

A. Activities of daily living
B. Aerobic / Functional Capacity
C. Balance Evaluation
D. Cognition
E. Quality of Life and Community Re-integration
F. Standardized Functional Assessment

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. C
  4. D
  5. F
  6. A
55
Q

Determine the corresponding category of the assessments:

  1. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
  2. Six-Minute Walk Test
  3. Targeted Functional Assessment
  4. Functional Reach Test (FRT)
  5. Standardized Form-36 (SF-36)
  6. Barthel Index

A. Activities of daily living
B. Aerobic / Functional Capacity
C. Balance Evaluation
D. Cognition
E. Quality of Life and Community Re-integration
F. Standardized Functional Assessment

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. F
  4. C
  5. E
  6. A
56
Q

which of the ff are true about anthropometry

A. The study of human dimensions

B. The measurement of traits that describe body dimensions

C. The physical measurement of the human body which provides therapists with building blocks for understanding the complexities of the human form
and how it interfaces with the environment

D. Designed to provide a relatively detailed analysis of an individual’s muscle, fat, and bone mass

E. All of the above

A

E

57
Q

which of the ff is included in the
assessment of anthropometry

A. Edema & Localized swelling

B. Joint effusion or Muscular changes

C. Asymmetry of body parts

D. Effects of surgical procedures

E. All of the above

A

E

58
Q

the ff are why its important to measure, EXCEPT:

A. Aid the clinician in determining the patients impairments and in providing the appropriate and effective treatment

B. Provides a baseline to monitor the rehabilitation outcome as well as feedback and motivation to patients

C. Aid in designing equipment and materials for special population such as children, elderly and the differently-abled

D. provides important information in the design of objects and spaces used by the normal population

E. Used to determine the individual’s body type to see whether he/she is properly suited for the desired
activity, exercise, sport or position played in sport

F. None of the above

A

F

59
Q
  1. Refers to actual sizes of body components, and is taken with the body fixed or in standard positions E.g. Height
  2. Aka functional anthropometry that refers to the ability of the body to perform certain tasks with certain distance, spaces or enclosure
  3. Taken with the body in various working positions and is related to body performance E.g. Stride length

A. STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
B. DYNAMIC ANTHROPOMETRY

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
60
Q

which of the ff factors affect anthropometry

A. gender
B. Aging
C.Ethnicity
D. Occupation
E. All of the above

A

E

61
Q

Landmarks
1. ASIS to lateral malleolus

  1. ASIS to medial malleolus if limb is affected by muscle wasting, obesity or knee deformities
  2. Tip of xiphisternum or umbilicus to medial malleolus
  3. Affected by muscle wasting, obesity or
    asymmetric positioning the xiphisternum, umbilicus or the lower limb

A.TRUE LEG MEASUREMENT

B. APPARENT LEG LENGTH MEASUREMENT

C. SEGMENTAL LEG LENGTH MEASUREMENT

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. B
  4. B
62
Q

Landmarks

  1. To determine the site of occurrence or
    shortening in a particular segment
  2. Highest point of the iliac crest to greater trochanter for changes in neck shaft angle
  3. Greater trochanter to lateral knee joint line for femoral shaft length
  4. Medial knee joint line to medial malleolus for tibial length

A.TRUE LEG MEASUREMENT

B. APPARENT LEG LENGTH MEASUREMENT

C. SEGMENTAL LEG LENGTH MEASUREMENT

A

ALL C

63
Q

● Position
1. Same as true leg length measurement

  1. Supine with the legs 15-20 cm apart (4-8 in) and parallel to each other
  2. Pelvis is balance or in level with lower limbs

A.TRUE LEG MEASUREMENT

B. APPARENT LEG LENGTH MEASUREMENT

C. SEGMENTAL LEG LENGTH MEASUREMENT

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
64
Q

If true leg length measurement is normal (both legs are the same or balanced) but the umbilicus to malleolus is different, then a ___ is present

A

functional leg length discrepancy

65
Q

modified T/F

Indications for MUSCLE BULK MEASUREMENT includes conditions where a decrease (or increase) in
muscle bulk is expected in a particular area like Atrophy (SCI, fractures, CVA) or Hypertrophy (Duchenne muscular
dystrophy)

The Position should be in supine or sitting provided that the segment be
assessed is well supported and exposed

A

TT

66
Q

modified T/F

To measure the landmark of MUSCLE BULK MEASUREMENT, Identify a stable bony landmark at the proximal part of the segment to be measured (1) then Identify the area of the segment where the muscle bulk is the greatest (2)

Measure the distance between (1) & (2) then record this as the measurement landmark

A

TT

67
Q

modified T/F

the Procedure on getting the MUSCLE BULK MEASUREMENT is to measure the circumference of the segment around the identified measurement landmark then measure the other extremity using the same landmarks

Limitations are that individual muscle bulk cannot be measured, however, you can get a crude bulk difference between the involved and uninvolved side but it cannot give you the bulk of the individual muscle.

A

TT

68
Q

The ff are Indications for LIMB GIRTH MEASUREMENT, EXCEPT:

A. Swelling
B. Joint effusion
C. Edema
D. All of the above

A

D

69
Q

LANDMARKS

  1. Base of the fingers, PIPs (together) 2nd & 5th digits as reference, DIPs (together) 2nd & 5th digits as reference
  2. Previous landmarks plus MCPs, Thumb webline, Wrist joint (radial styloid)
  3. Previous landmarks plus radial styloid then measure every 4 cm (2 in) proximally
  4. Previous landmarks plus lateral epicondyle then measure every 4 cm (2 in) proximally

EDEMA UP TO:
A. Fingers
B. Wrist
C. Elbow
D. Shoulder

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
70
Q

Landmarks

  1. Base of toes, PIPs (together) 2nd & 5th digits as reference, DIPs (together) 2nd & 5th digits as reference
  2. Previous landmarks plus MTP then measure every 4 cm (2 in) proximally
  3. Previous landmarks plus Lateral malleolus then measure every 4 cm (2 in) proximally
  4. Previous landmarks plus Lateral knee joint then measure every 4 cm (2 in) proximally

Edema up to:
A. Toes
B. Ankle
C. Knee
D. Hip

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
71
Q

which of the ff are true about VOLUMETRIC DISPLACEMENT

A. Measures the volume of water or liquid displaced for edema and swelling that uses a volumeter

B. Patient dips the extremity in the volumeter filled with water while the therapist takes note of the amount of water displaced

C. Using the volumeter has the highest reliability and validity among measures of edema/swelling

D. This method is accurate for measuring changes in body dimensions. However, it is time consuming, awkward to administer, and may be inappropriate
when open wounds are present

E. All of the above

A

E

72
Q

modified T/F on FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT / ANALYSIS (FA)

Measures an individual level of function and ability to perform functional or work related tasks on a safe and dependable basis over a defined period of time.

Assessment should include an examination consisting of a pertinent clinical history, behaviors that might impact physical performance,
musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, functional testing and an assessment of effort

A

TT

73
Q

match the ff COMMONLY USED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

  1. Barthel Index, FIM
  2. 6MWT, VO2 peak-aerobic capacity
  3. Timed up & go test, Berg balance test
  4. Glasgow coma scale, MMSE
  5. SF-36, Multiple Errands Test
  6. Functional capacity evaluation & Targeted functional assessment

A. ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING

B. AEROBIC / FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY

C. Balance evaluation

D. Cognition

E. QUALITY OF LIFE & COMMUNITY REINTEGRATION

F. STANDARDIZED FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
74
Q

True or False. When performing limb girth measurement you can set any landmark as a starting point even if the two extremities have a different girth.
a. True
b. False

A

B

75
Q

Which of the following is true?
a. The position of the pt varies when
measuring the true leg length and the
apparent leg length

b. In measuring muscle bulk, it can only be done when the pt is in a supine position

c. Limb girth measurement is done when the pt manifests swelling, joint
effusion, or edema

A

C

76
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of dynamic anthropometry?
a. Forward arm reach
b. Calf circumference
c. Toe touch
d. Stride length

A

B

77
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about
Functional Assessments?
a. Tests for capacity to perform ADLs

b. Includes bed mobility and transfers

c. Assessment tools must be valid and
reliable

d. Only focuses on physical capabilities
and disregards cognition

A

D

78
Q

Which of the following statements are true about Segmental Leg Length Measurement?

I: The medial knee joint line to medial malleolus is used as a landmark for changes in tibial length

II: The highest point of the iliac crest to lesser trochanter is used as a landmark for changes in neck shaft angle

a. Only statement I is true
b. Only statement II is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

A

A

(2) Musculoskeletal Examination (11 decks)

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