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(1) Kinesiology > S2_L1: Kinesiology of the Spine (part 2) > Flashcards

S2_L1: Kinesiology of the Spine (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

modified T/F
atypical cervical vertebra is from C3-C6 while typical vertebra are C1, C2, C7.

The uncinate process is the inferior projection from the sides of vertebral bodies.

A

FF

TYPICAL cervical vertebra is from C3-C6 while ATYPICAL vertebra are C1, C2, C7.

The uncinate process is the SUPERIOR projection from the sides of vertebral bodies.

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2
Q

modified T/F

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) is the insufficient amount of blood supply to the brain that causes vertigo, nausea, comatose.

Vertebral artery goes up from C6-C1 & forms basilar artery then to the brain while Vertebral vein goes down from C1-C7.

A

TT

*uncovertebral joint is also called joint of Luschka

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3
Q

modified T/F

atlas C1 carries the head & has no vertebral body while the axis C2 has an odontoid process also called dens

transverse Atlantal ligament hold dens in the anterior of C1 to prevent the dens occupying the space of the spinal cord because if it’s torn, the dens can compress the spinal cord & result in SCI

A

TT

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4
Q

modified T/F

C7 vertebra has a vertebral prominence because of the prominent spinous process which is long & slender & not bifid like the thoracic vertebra.

transverse ligament holds dens in place & the greatest rotation happens in C1 & C2.

A

TT

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5
Q

modified T/F

Atlanto-occipital joint is called the “NO JOINT” when moving the head left to right that is a rotational, pivot/trochoid joint

The Atlano-axial joint is called the “YES joint”

A

FF

Atlanto-axial joint is called the “NO JOINT” when moving the head left to right that is a rotational, pivot/trochoid joint

The Atlano-occipital joint is called the “YES joint”

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6
Q

which of the ff are LIGAMENTS of the cervical spine:

A. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament & Anterior Atlantoaxial Membrane

B. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament & Tectorial Membrane

C. Ligamentum Flavum & Posterior Atlano-Axial Ligament

D. Ligamentum Nuchae

E. All of the above

A

E

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7
Q

modified T/F on Transverse Atlantal Ligament

Atlantal Cruciform Ligament forms a cross with Superior & Inferior Bands

Alar Ligaments (AKA Apical Ligaments) are paired that limits rotation & lateral flexion that starts at the tip of dens to the occipital protuberance which are oblique in shape

A

TT

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8
Q

modified T/F on FUNCTION of cervical spine

Less Stability is at Occiput-C1 & C1-C2 to support the head and other vital structures by ligaments & muscles

More Mobility as a whole with predominant motion of flex / ext
that’s maximum at C5-C6 segment

A

TT

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9
Q

modified T/F

C1-C2 has primarily rotation movements like flex / ext / lat flex which is controlled by Alar ligaments

Lower cervical primarily flex / ext

A

TT

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10
Q

Modified T/F

In COUPLING MOTION (UPPER CERVICAL), Lateral flexion of the head results in contralateral rotation of the spine while
Rotation of the head results in contralateral lateral flexion of the spine

In COUPLING MOTION (LOWER CERVICAL), Lateral flexion of the head creates ipsilateral rotation of the spine while Rotation of the head creates ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine

A

TT

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11
Q

Which of the ff are true on kinetics of cervical spine

A. More mobile and less Weight bearing than thoracic & lumbar

B. No IV Discs between Occipital-C1 & C1-2 that leads to compressive force directed on lower segments & the Trabecular system of axis is heavily loaded

C. At C3-C7, compressive force is transmitted by Anterocentral column by the vertebral body & IV disc

D. 2 Rod-like Posterolateral columns in the zygapophyseal joints makes up 33% of the compressive force

E. All of the above

A

E

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12
Q

modified T/F on Compressive load of cervical spine

High in erect stance and sitting

Low in end-range of flexion and extension

A

FF
Low in erect stance and sitting

High in end-range of flexion and extension

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13
Q

the ff are part of Atypical thoracic spine, EXCEPT:

A. Transitional Vertebrae T1 & T12

B. T1, T11, T12 have full costal facets for ribs 1, 11 & 12

C. Pedicles more posterior than posterolateral & smaller vertebral canal

D. None of the above

A

D

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14
Q

modified T/F

Typical thoracic spine have Equal transverse & AP diameter for stability & has Demifacets.

Attachment of Ribs is at the Costovertebral joint which is found in vertebral body & Costotransverse joint at the thoracic vertebra with costotubercular facets, found in the tubercle of rib to transverse process

A

TT

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15
Q

modified T/F on Spinous Processes of thoracic spine

T11-12: Slopes downward – at the level
of caudal vertebra

T5-8: Horizontal – same level

A

FF
T5-8: Slopes downward – at the level
of caudal vertebra

T11-12: Horizontal – same level

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16
Q

modified T/F

thoracic spine is Less STABLE but More MOBILE

It is due to rib attachment, anatomic configuration & taut passive structures

A

FT

thoracic spine is Less MOBILE but More STABLE

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17
Q

the ff are Kinematics of thoracic spine, EXCEPT:

A. All motions are possible but flex/ext is mostly limited at T1-T6

B. Flex/ext is greater at T9-T12 due to more sagittal orientation of facets

C. Rotation of vertebra is accompanied by rib motion

D. None of the above

A

D

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18
Q

modified T/F

COUPLING MOTION (UPPER THORACIC)
Lateral flexion → ipsilateral rotation
Rotation → ipsilateral lateral flexion

COUPLING MOTION (LOWER THORACIC)
Lateral flexion → contralateral rotation
Rotation → contralateral lateral flexion

A

TT

  • In cervical, upper = contralateral
    lower = ipsilateral
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19
Q

T/F in Kinetics of thoracic spine

Line of Gravity falls anteriorly to thoracic vertebra & creates flexion moment

A

T
* should be counteracted by an extension force like the erector spinae, upper trapezius

20
Q

which of the ff are incorrect matchings

A. Thoracic vertebrae - posterior
B. Ribs - lateral
C. Sternum - anterior
D. None of the above

A

D

21
Q

Functions of thoracic wall, EXCEPT:

A. Protection of visceral organs
B. Base for muscle attachment
C. Increases stability of thoracic spine
D. Ventilation
E. None of the above

A

E

22
Q

modified T/F

Parts of STERNUM include Manubrium, Body & Xiphoid Process

vertebrosternal ribs are true ribs from rib 1-7 & is directly connected to sternum via costal cartilages

A

TT

23
Q

modified T/F

False ribs or vertebrochondral ribs (rib 8-10) are not directed to sternum, & has a common costal cartilage before it connects to sternum

Floating ribs or vertebral ribs (rib 11-12) have no connection at all

A

TT

24
Q

match the ff movements of rib cage

  1. is where the sternum moves to increases the antero-posterior diameter.
  2. (Ribs 1-5)
  3. Moves superior/anterior in inhalation & inferior/posterior in exhalation
  4. is the increase in medio-lateral diameter in which the ribs goes upward & sideways.

A. pump handle mechanism
B. Bucket handle mechanism
C. Caliper action

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
25
Q

match the ff movements of rib cage

  1. (Ribs 6-10)
  2. Moves lateral/superior in inhalation & medial/inferior in exhalation
  3. (Ribs 11 & 12) that flares outward
  4. diaphragm moves upward (exhale, relaxing) & downward (inhale, contracting), acts like a piston for the supero-inferior diameter of thoracic cage

A. pump handle mechanism
B. Bucket handle mechanism
C. Caliper action

A
  1. B
  2. B
  3. C
  4. C
26
Q

modified T/F

scoliosis is the lateral deviation of the segment, there’s an individual rotation on the vertebral bones

vertebral body rotates toward the concave side which brings the ribs backward & the other side foward

A

TF

vertebral body rotates toward the CONVEX side which brings the ribs backward & the other side foward

27
Q

modified T/F

scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine with rotational movements & not just lateral flexion

rotation of the thoracic vertebral also affects the ribs attached to it since the ribs are attached to the transverse process & vertebral body, which is why when the thoracic vertebra rotates, the robs move at the same side

A

TT

28
Q

modified T/F

Levo scoliosis has a right posterior rib hump

Dextro scoliosis has a left posterior rib hump

A

FF

Levo scoliosis has a left posterior rib hump

Dextro scoliosis has a right posterior rib hump

29
Q

T/F

Atypical lumbar spine is at L5 with structural adaptation for articulation with sacrum & a Wedge-shaped body

A

T

30
Q

the ff are true about Typical lumbar spine, EXCEPT:

A. the body has a greater AP diameter than transverse diameter

B. Has Mamillary process at the superior zygapophyseal facet for the attachment of multifidus and medial intertransverse muscles

C. Has Accessory process at the transverse process for the attachment of multifidus and medial intertransverse muscles

D. None of the above

A

A. the body has a greater transverse diameter than AP diameter

31
Q

which of the ff are correct on the LUMBOSACRAL ANGLE

A. Angle formed by a line drawn parallel to superior aspect of sacrum and a horizontal line

B. Normal range is ~30°

C. Increased angle results in increased
lordosis & greater shearing stress or increased anterior sheering force

D. All of the above

A

D

32
Q

modified T/F

iliolumbar ligament stabilizes lumbar vertebra & is used for stability

if the anterior sheer is strong, the iliolumbar ligaments can’t counteract the anterior sheer

A

TT

33
Q

modified T/F

Spondylolisthesis is the degenerative change that’s happening on the vertebral spine like damage to pars interarticularis without anterior slippage

Spondylosis is the anterior slippage of vertebra

A

FF

Spondylosis is the degenerative change that’s happening on the vertebral spine like damage to pars interarticularis without anterior slippage

Spondylolisthesis is the anterior slippage of vertebra

  • Retrosisthesis is the posterior slippage of L5
34
Q

modified T/F

the lamellar portion of the IV disc of lumbar vertebra has a posterior concavity that resist more flexion of spine

the lamellar portion of the IV disc of lumbar vertebra has a posterior convexity

A

TT

  • Lamellae/lamellar promotes stability of annulus fibrosis
35
Q

the ff are true about ILIOLUMBAR LIGAMENT, EXCEPT:

A. Replaces the intertransverse ligaments in the L5 area & connects to the L5 transverse process to iliac crest

B. Has ventral, dorsal, sacral bands (aka
Lumbosacral Lig)

C. Prevents anterior displacement of L5

D. Loaded at slouched sitting position (sacral sitting)

E. None of the above

A

E

36
Q

modified T/F

THORACO-LUMBAR/LUMBODORSAL FASCIA has Posterior, Middle, & Anterior layers AKA “Stabilizing Corset” for the stabilization of lumbar vertebra

It encircles the lumbar segment from vertebra to the rectus abdomens & lateral muscles (transversus abdominis)

A

TT

37
Q

modified T/F on Kinematics of lumbar spine

All motion are possible, but it favors flexion/extension due to facet orientation

Can do Lateral flexion at (L2-3) & rotation greater in upper lumbar

A

TT

38
Q

which of the ff are true about LUMBOPELVIC RHYTHM

A. Coordinated simultaneous activity of lumbar flexion and pelvic anterior tilting during trunk flexion

B. Flexion: Lumbosacral → Pelvis → Hip

C. Reverse for extension: Hip → Pelvis →
Lumbosacral (to shorten moment arm for erector spinae)

D. All of the above

A

D

  • B (lumbosacral moves first, if the ligaments in the lumbar are tight already, the pelvis will move)
  • C (with too much bending, the erector spinae is still electrically silent, it is only activated once the hip & pelvis started the extension mechanism)
39
Q

which of the ff are true on Kinetics of lumbar spine

A. COMPRESSION creates disc pressure & bears the weight of the trunk like the compressive forces of muscles when contracting

B. Changes in body position alters the Line of Gravity & have changes in forces

C. Consider proper body mechanics (e.g. when lifting or picking objects on the floor)

D. All of the above

A

D

40
Q

T/F on SHEAR of lumbar spine

Inc. Lordosis creates anterior shear force the inc. damage in pars interarticularis

A

T

41
Q

modified T/F

the sacroiliac (SI) joint is L shaped & articulates with the pelvis & provides stronger stabilization

There’s a corrugation in the SI joint, that allows them to claw together & promote stabilization between sacrum & pelvis

A

TT

42
Q

the ff ligament contributes to the stability of the SI joint, EXCEPT:

A. iliolumbar ligament
B. anterior SI ligament
C. sacrospinous ligament
D. sacrotuberous ligament
E. anterior longitudinal ligament

A

E

43
Q

modified T/F

if always slouching it will make the iliolumbar, anterior SI, sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligament laxed

if laxed, it’ll make the lumbar vertebral & SI joint unstable

A

FT

if always slouching it will make the iliolumbar, POSTERIOR SI, sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligament laxed

44
Q

modified T/F

the superior & inferior pubic ligament stabilizes the symphysis pubis

if damaged, there’s an imbalance of symphysis pubis

A

TT

45
Q

modified T/F

NUTATION & COUNTERNUTATION is the relationship with pelvic tilt and lumbar motion that is Symmetrical (agonistic) when bending forward or asymmetrical (antagonistic) when walking & has “Relative Motion”

nutation is where the base of sacrum/sacral promontory moves backward & the tail forward while counternutation is where where the base of sacrum/sacral promontory moves forward & the tail backward

A

TF

nutation = sacral promontory moves FORWARD, tail BACKWARD

counternutation = sacral promontory moves BACKWARD, tail FORWARD

46
Q

Modified T/F

sacrum & symphysis pubis can shear during single leg stance

single leg stance creates sheering forces on pelvis which can destroy ligaments in the symphysis pubis & makes the pelvis malaligned

A

TT

(1) Kinesiology (13 decks)

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