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PT1019 Assistive Tech > S2 L11: Common Gait Deviations Associated w/ Orthotic Device Issues > Flashcards

S2 L11: Common Gait Deviations Associated w/ Orthotic Device Issues Flashcards

1
Q

FOREFOOT SLAPS THE GROUND

A

Foot Slap

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2
Q

Foot Slap Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Inadequate dorsiflexion assist
  2. Inadequate plantarflexion stop
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3
Q

Foot Slap Anatomical Causes

A

Weak dorsiflexors because cannot control lowering of foot to the ground

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4
Q

TIPTOE POSTURE MAY OR MAY NOT BE MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT STANCE

A

Toes First

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5
Q

Toes First Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Inadequate heel lift
  2. Inadequate dorsiflexion assist
  3. Pt’s foot is plantarflexed, hence the tiptoe position
  4. Inadequate plantarflexion stop
  5. Inadequate relief of heel pain
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6
Q

Toes First Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Short LE
  2. Pes Equinus
  3. Extensor Spasticity
  4. Heel Pain
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7
Q

ENTIRE FOOT CONTACTS GROUND INITIALLY (No heel strike)

A

FLAT FOOT CONTACT

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8
Q

Flat Foot Contact Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Inadequate traction from sole
  2. Requires walking aid (e.g., cane)
  3. Inadequate dorsiflexion stop
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9
Q

Flat Foot Contact Anatomical Causes

A

Poor balance and Pes Calcaneus

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10
Q

MEDIAL (OR LATERAL) BORDER CONTACTS FLOOR

A

EXCESSIVE MEDIAL (OR LATERAL) FOOT CONTACT

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11
Q

Excessive Medial (or Lateral) Foot Contact Orthotic Cause

A

Transverse Plane Malalignment

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12
Q

Excessive Medial (or Lateral) Foot Contact Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak Invertors/Evertors
  2. Pes Valgus/Varus
  3. Genu Valgum/Varum
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13
Q

KNEE COLLAPSES WHEN FOOT CONTACTS GROUND

A

EXCESSIVE KNEE FLEXION

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14
Q

Excessive Knee Flexion Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Inadequate knee lock
  2. Inadequate dorsiflexion stop
  3. Plantarflexion restriction (stop)
  4. Inadequate contralateral shoe lift
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15
Q

Excessive Knee Flexion Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak quadriceps (buckling of the knee)
  2. Short contralateral LE
  3. Knee Pain
  4. Knee and or hip flexion contracture
  5. Flexor Synergy
  6. Pes Calcaneus
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16
Q

KNEE HYPEREXTENDS AS WEIGHT IS TRANSFERRED TO LE

A

HYPEREXTENDED KNEE

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17
Q

Hyperextended Knee Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Genu recurvatum inadequately controlled by plantarflexion stop
  2. Excessively concave (deep) calf band
  3. Pes equinus uncompensated by contralateral shoe lift
  4. Inadequate knee lock
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18
Q

Hyperextended Knee Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak quadriceps
  2. Lax knee ligaments
  3. Extensor synergy
  4. Pes equinus
  5. Short contralateral LE
  6. Contralateral knee and/or hip flexion contracture
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19
Q

PATIENT LEANS FORWARD AS WEIGHT IS TRANSFERRED TO LE

A

ANTERIOR TRUNK BENDING

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20
Q

Anterior Trunk Bending Orthotic Causes

A

Inadequate Knee Lock

21
Q

Anterior Trunk Bending Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak quadriceps (Pt shifts forward)
  2. Hip flexion contracture
  3. Knee flexion contracture
22
Q

PATIENT LEANS BACKWARD AS WEIGHT IS TRANSFERRED TO LE

A

POSTERIOR TRUNK BENDING

23
Q

Posterior Trunk Bending Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Inadequate Hip Lock
  2. Knee Lock
24
Q

Posterior Trunk Bending Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak gluteus maximus
  2. Knee Anylosis
25
Q

PATIENT LEANS TOWARD STANCE LEG AS WEIGHT IS TRANSFERRED TO LE

A

LATERAL TRUNK BENDING

26
Q

Lateral Trunk Bending Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Excessive height of medial upright of KAFO
  2. Excessive abduction of hip joint of HKAFO
  3. Requires walking aid (ex. Cane)
  4. Insufficient shoe lift
27
Q

Lateral Trunk Bending Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak gluteus medius
  2. Abduction contracture
  3. Dislocated hip
  4. Hip pain
  5. Poor balance
  6. Short leg
28
Q

HEEL CENTERS MORE THAN 4 IN. (10 CM) APART

A

WIDE WALKING BASE

29
Q

Wide Walking Base Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Excessive height of medial upright of KAFO
  2. Excessive abduction of hip joint of HKAFO
  3. Insufficient lift on contralateral shoe
  4. Knee Lock
  5. Requires walking aid
30
Q

Wide Walking Base Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Abduction contracture
  2. Poor balance
  3. Short contralateral LE
31
Q

LE INTERNALLY (OR EXTERNALLY) ROTATED

A

INTERNAL (OR EXTERNAL) ROTATION

32
Q

Internal (or External) Rotation Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Uprights incorrectly aligned in transverse plane
  2. Requires orthotic control
33
Q

Internal (or External) Rotation Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Internal (or external) hip rotators spastic
  2. External (or internal) hip rotators weak
  3. Anteversion (retroversion) of femur
  4. Weak quadriceps: leads to external rotation
34
Q

DELAYED OR ABSENT TRANSFER OF WEIGHT OVER THE FOREFOOT

A

INADEQUATE TRANSITION

35
Q

Inadequate Transition Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Plantarflexion stop
  2. Inadequate dorsiflexion stop
36
Q

Inadequate Transition Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak plantarflexors
  2. Achilles tendon sprain or rupture
  3. Pes calcaneus
  4. Forefoot pain
37
Q

TOES MAINTAIN CONTACT WITH GROUND

A

TOE DRAG

38
Q

Toe Drag Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Inadequate dorsiflexion assist
  2. Inadequate plantarflexion stop
39
Q

Toe Drag Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak dorsiflexors (Pt cannot lift the foot)
  2. Plantarflexor spasticity
  3. Pes equinus
  4. Weak hip flexors
40
Q

LE SWINGS OUTWARD IN A SEMICIRCULAR ARC

A

CIRCUMDUCTION

41
Q

Circumduction Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Knee Lock
  2. Inadequate dorsiflexion assist
  3. Inadequate plantarflexion stop
42
Q

Circumduction Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak hip flexors
  2. Extensor synergy
  3. Knee and/or ankle ankylosis
  4. Weak dorsiflexors
  5. Pes equinus
43
Q

LE ELEVATED AT PELVIS TO ENABLE THE LIMB TO SWING FORWARD

A

HIP HIKING

44
Q

Hip Hiking Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Knee lock
  2. Inadequate dorsiflexion assist
  3. Inadequate plantarflexion stop
45
Q

Hip Hiking Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Short contralateral LE
  2. Contralateral knee and/or hip flexion contracture
  3. Weak hip flexors
  4. Extensor synergy
  5. Knee and/or ankle ankylosis
  6. Weak dorsiflexors
  7. Pes equinus
46
Q

EXAGGERATED PLANTARFLEXION OF CONTRALATERAL LE TO ENABLE THE LIMB TO SWING FORWARD

A

VAULTING

47
Q

Vaulting Orthotic Causes

A
  1. Knee lock
  2. Inadequate dorsiflexion assist
  3. Inadequate plantarflexion stop
48
Q

Vaulting Anatomical Causes

A
  1. Weak hip flexors
  2. Extensor spasticity
  3. Pes equinus
  4. Short contralateral LE
  5. Contralateral knee and/or hip flexion contracture
  6. Knee and/or ankle ankylosis
  7. Weak dorsiflexors

PT1019 Assistive Tech (14 decks)

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