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biolo convo > s1p1 > Flashcards

s1p1 Flashcards

1
Q

What made Mathias Schleiden (German botanist)?

A

in 1838 concluded that cells and substances produced by cells form the basic structure of plants, and that plant growth occurs by adding new cells.

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2
Q

What made Theodor Schwann (German)?

A

drew similar conclusions about animal cells.

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3
Q

Who provided a unifying theory of cells as fundamental units of life?

A

Schleiden and Schwann’s

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4
Q

Who completed the cell theory?

A

Rudolf Virchow (German physician)

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5
Q

mention 3 Cell theory principles

A

1) Every organism is made up of one or more cells
2) The smallest organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms 3) All cells arise from preexisting cells

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6
Q

What are the Basic Attributes of Cells?

A

All living things are composed of cells.

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7
Q

Cell functions mention at least 4

A
  • Obtaining energy and nutrients
  • Synthesizing biological molecules
  • Eliminating wastes
  • Interacting with other cells
  • Reproducing
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8
Q

Why the cells its small?

A

because of the need for cell to exchange nutrients and wastes with their external environment through the plasma membrane.

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9
Q

Many nutrients and wastes move into, though, and out of the cell by ___________.

A

diffusion

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10
Q

what is diffusion?

A

The process by which molecules dissolved in fluids disperse from regions where their concentration to higher to regions where concentration is lower.

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Phospholipid bilayer is?

A

helps isolate the cell from its surrounding, allowing the cell to maintain essential differences in concentrations of materials inside and outside.

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13
Q

what is cytoplasm?

A

Consists of all the fluid and structure that lie inside the plasma membrane but outside of the nucleus.

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14
Q

Most of the cell’s metabolic activities occur in the_____________

A

cytoplasm

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15
Q

Cells must synthesize a variety of proteins like the ones in the:

A

cytoskeleton
plasma membrane

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16
Q

2 Basic Types of Cells

A

Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells

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17
Q

the función of the Cell wall is?

A

Protects and supports the cell

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18
Q

the función of the Cilia is?

A

Move the cell through fluid or move fluid past the cell surface

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19
Q

the función of the flagella is?

A

Move the cell through fluid

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20
Q

the función of the Plasma membrane is?

A

Isolates the cell contents from the environment, regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell, allows communication with other cells

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21
Q

the function of Genetic material is….

A

Encodes the information needed to construct the cell and to control cellular activity

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22
Q

Plant cell walls are composed primarily of__________.

A

cellulose.

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23
Q

Animal cells unique structures:

A

centrioles, lysosomes, cilia, flagella.

24
Q

Plant cells unique structures:

A

central vacuoles, cell walls, plastids including chloroplasts.

25
Q

Eukaryotic cells are made of

A

cellulose, protein, or glassy silica.

26
Q

3 categories of cytoskeletal proteins:

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.

27
Q

it regulates these properties of the cell:_________

A

cytoskeleton

28
Q

Mendel’s Laws:

A

1- Law of segregation
2- Independent assortment
3- Dominance

29
Q

Sex linked diseases:

A

Daltonism
- Hemophilia
- Albinism
- Dwarfism (achondroplasia)

30
Q

Ways of inheritance:

A
  1. dominance.
  2. Incomplete dominance
  3. Polygenic inheritance
  4. Pleiotropy
31
Q

How can a defective allele be dominant to the normal allele?

A

Some dominant alleles encode an abnormal protein that interferes with the function of the normal one. Other dominant alleles may encode proteins that carry out new, toxic reactions. Dominant alleles may encode a protein that is overactive, performing its function at inappropriate times and places in the body.

32
Q

Cuál es el mejor ligues de Daniela

A

Kevin

33
Q

If an organism has a BB genotype, the organism is

A

homozygous dominant

34
Q

The science of heredity is called

A

genetics

35
Q

An organism with two different alleles is called

A

heterozygous

36
Q

The position of a gene in a chromosome is called

A

locus

37
Q

The inheritance pattern when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygote is called

A

codominance

38
Q

A rooster has two factors controlling a given characteristic, black color dominates the white color in feathers, these factors separate and go to different gametes when a parent reproduces. This represents:

A

Law of segregation

39
Q

The different versions of a gene are called

A

alleles

40
Q

Hypophosphatemia causes a type of rickets in which patients do not react to normal doses of Vitamin D. This disorder is caused by a dominant allele represented with the letter b; sex linked disease. A carrier heterozygous woman decides to have children with a man with a normal genotype. The genetic code that expresses P genotype is

A

mom:XBXb,DadXBY

41
Q

If the two alleles for one trait are the same (pp or PP), the person is that trait.
for

A

homozygous.

42
Q

The difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment is
that

A

independent assortment has genes that clump together and split into the same Cell

43
Q

A brown-eyed heterozygous (Ee) parent is crossed with a brown-eyed homozygous dominant (EE) parent. Brown eyes are dominant, and blue eyes are recessive. What are the expected offspring percentages for eye color?

A

100% brown eyes.

44
Q

The genotypes expressed in percentages of the offspring from a cross between a parozorys domini owly parent for white hair with a homozygous recessive (w)

A

100% Ww

45
Q

The following microscopic structures pointed out with the dark arrows in figure 1 are called:

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

An example of a Sex-linked disease is

A

Haemophilia

47
Q

If a black homozygous short tailed cat is crossed with a long white heterozygous tailed cat then the P gametes will stand for:

A

Bs,Bs, bs, bs, Bs. bs, bs, bs

48
Q

The first recorded scientific study of genetics was done by

A

Gregor Mendel

49
Q

Punnett squares show the possible

A

genotypes and phenotypes

50
Q

What is the main role of mitochondria and chloroplasts in the cell?

A

It provides energy.

51
Q

The round structure in the microscopic view in Figure 2, is the control center of the cell and is called the

A

Nucleus

52
Q

Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants was because

A

they could either cross pollinate or self-pollinate

53
Q

Vacuoles differ in plants and animal cells because

A

they are bigger in plants, smaller in animals

54
Q

a. Mention the three principles of the cell theory

A

Every organism is made up otone or more cells. glisethe basic wore of all organisms and mullicellular

55
Q

List the five components of the nucleus

A

Nuclear membrane
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Pores
Nucleolus

56
Q

Mention the kind of enzymes that lysosomes contain

A

digestive

57
Q

List two functions of the cell membrane

A

Allow communication with other cells.
Controls the materials that go in and out of the cell, also surrounds the cell.

biolo convo (4 decks)

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