S1 SCI CHAP 8 MODEL OF MATTER

Question 1

Describe the structure of an Atom.

Answer 1

• Each atom is made up of even smaller particles known as sub-atomic particles. Each atom consists of 3 types of sub-atomic particles- protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

Where are the protons and neutrons located?

Answer 2

The protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 3

Where are the electrons located?

Answer 3

The electrons are located in the orbitals of the atom.

Question 4

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 4

The mass number represents the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom.

Question 5

What is the mass, and charge of a proton?

Answer 5

1, 1+

Question 6

What is the mass, and charge of a neutron?

Answer 6

1, 0

Question 7

What is the mass, and charge of an electron?

Answer 7

1/1840, 1-

Question 8

Why is an atom electrically neutral?

Answer 8

An atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons. A proton has a positive charge, whereas an electron has a negative charge. Hence, the positive charge and negative charge cancel each other out, and a neutron is neutral, making an atom electrically neutral.

Question 9

What is the term electronic configuration/electronic structure of an atom?

Answer 9

The electronic configuration/electronic structure is the arrangement of electrons in an atom.

Question 10

What are the terms valence shell/outer shell and valence electrons of an atom?

Answer 10

The valence/outer shell of an atom refers to the shell that is furthest away from the nucleus of the atom. Valence electrons are the electrons found in the valence shell.

Question 11

What are isotopes?

Question 12

How is a molecule formed?

Question 13

What are noble gases?

Question 14

How are ions formed?

Question 15

How are cations formed?

Question 16

How are anions formed?

Question 17

what are ionic bonds and how are they formed?

Question 18

Name the general rules for naming an ionic compound.

Question 19

Name the general rules for writing chemical formulae of an ionic compound.

Question 21

What are chemical formulae?

Question 22

Name some common cations and their charges.

Question 23

Name some common anions and their charges.

Question 24

The following LO may be used in context in assessments

• Show an appreciation of how in practice, models are constructed, justified and continuously revised as they are used to probe new phenomena and collect additional data (e.g. the various atomic models)

Question 25

The following LO may be used in context in assessments

• Show an awareness that technologies resulting from knowledge of the atom have created social and ethical issues, risks and costs (e.g. atomic bomb)

Question 26

Which of the following is made up of only one atom?

A: A drop of water
B: A crystal of common salt
C: A sheet of aluminium foil
D: A gain of sand

Answer 26

C