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Sec 1 > S1 SCI CHAP 1 THE SCIENTIFIC ENDEAVOUR > Flashcards

S1 SCI CHAP 1 THE SCIENTIFIC ENDEAVOUR Flashcards

1
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Measurements are numerical qualities of an object or phenomenon called quantitative data. It involves senses and measurements taken using instruments.

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2
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Observations made by our senses (sight, hearing etc.) that describe the object or phenomena are called qualitative data. They are usually descriptive.

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis and what is its purpose?

A

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation to a scientific question regarding an observation. Its purpose is to explain a phenomenon or propose solutions to a problem.

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4
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Readings that are very close to or the same as the true value.

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5
Q

What is precision?

A

Multiple readings taken that are very close to one another or the same.

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6
Q

What are the 2 unpredictable errors?

A

Human reaction time and environmental errors.

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7
Q

What is the zero error?

A

Zero error is a type of error in which an instrument shows a non-zero reading when the measured quality should be zero. Zero error is due to an error in the measuring instruments.

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8
Q

What is the parallax error?

A

Parallax error occurs when the marking of an instrument is viewed from the wrong angle due to the wrong positioning of the eye.

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9
Q

What does the 1st symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents gases under pressure. This means that the gas is stored in pressurised cylinders, may explode when heated and may cause oxygen deficiency if the gas is leaked in an enclosed space.

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10
Q

What does the 2nd symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents environmental toxicity. This means that the substance had potential to cause harmful effects on the environment.

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11
Q

What does the 3rd symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents acute toxicity. This means that the substance can cause toxic or harmful effects to the body when breathed in, swallowed or in contact with skin. Moreover, the degree of exposure can affect the level of health implications, and it may be fatal.

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12
Q

What does the 4th symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents a substance which is harmful or an irritant. This means that The substance can lead to irritation, allergic reactions or inflammation on the skin, eyes, nose or respiratory system, and may cause drowsiness and dizziness. The substance also has harmful health effects, and can cause harm to the ozone layer.

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13
Q

What does the 5th symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents flammable substances. This means that the substance is highly flammable, and may cause fire or produce poisonous gas when reacted with air, water or chemicals.

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14
Q

What does the 6th symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents oxidising substances. This means that the substance releases oxygen easily which can cause a fire and/or explosion.

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15
Q

What does the 7th symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents explosives. This means that the substance may cause fire or explosion in contact with heat.

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16
Q

What does the 8th symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents carcinogenicity/aspiration hazards. This means that the substance can cause breathing difficulties, infertility, birth defects, damage to organs, or cancer.

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17
Q

What does the 9th symbol of the picture represent and what does it mean?

https://tinyurl.com/54cu9h4b

A

The symbol represents corrosives. This means that the substance is a corrosive chemical and may cause severe damage when in contact with body parts.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a filter funnel?

A

The purpose of a filter funnel is to filter mixtures, together with filter paper.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a test tube?

A

The purpose of a test tube is to hold and contain substances.

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20
Q

What is the purpose of a flat-bottomed flask?

A

The purpose of a flat-bottomed flask is to mix and heat chemicals and liquids evenly.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of a retort stand?

A

The purpose of a retort stand is to hold and support apparatus.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a round-bottomed flask?

A

The purpose of a round-bottomed flask is to mix and heat chemicals and liquids evenly.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a boiling tube?

A

The purpose of a boiling tube is to hold and contain substances (larger than a test tube).

24
Q

What is the purpose of a tripod stand?

A

The purpose of a tripod stand is to hold and support apparatus, especially for heating.

25
Q

What is the purpose of a wire gauze?

A

The purpose of a wire gauze is to support apparatus for heating and to distribute heat evenly (placed on tripod stand)

26
Q

What is the purpose of a test tube holder?

A

The purpose of a test tube holder is to hold a test tube while heating.

27
Q

What is the purpose of a bell jar?

A

The purpose of a bell jar is to isolate a particular experimental set up from the external environment.

28
Q

What is the purpose of a water trough?

A

The purpose of a water trough is to contain water.

29
Q

What is the purpose of an evaporating dish?

A

The purpose of an evaporating dish is to hold a liquid mixture for evaporation through heating.

30
Q

What is the purpose of a crucible?

A

The purpose of a crucible is to contain solids when heating.

31
Q

What is the purpose of a bunsen burner?

A

The purpose of a bunsen burner is to heat substances or reactions.

32
Q

What is the purpose of a gas jar?

A

The purpose of a gar jar is to collect gases.

33
Q

What is the purpose of a white tile?

A

The purpose of a white tile is to cut up specimens on against a white bg; to be able to determine the colours of samples against a white background more easily.

34
Q

What is the purpose of a mortar and pestle?

A

The purpose of a mortar and pestle is to crush and grind specimens into smaller and finer specimens.

35
Q

What is the purpose of a dropper/teat pipette?

A

The purpose of a dropper/teat pipette is to drop small amounts of liquids/solutions.

35
Q

What is the purpose of forceps?

A

The purpose of forceps is to pick up and hold small pieces of specimens.

36
Q

What is the purpose of a syringe?

A

The purpose of a syringe is to measure and dispense up to 10ml (varies) of liquids/solutions.

37
Q

What is the purpose of a wash bottle?

A

A wash bottle contains distilled water.

38
Q

What is the purpose of a petri dish?

A

The purpose of a petri dish is to hold/store specimens; to grow bacteria cultures in.

39
Q

What is the purpose of a scalpel?

A

The purpose of a scalpel is to cut/slice specimens into smaller pieces.

40
Q

How do you light a Bunsen burner? Explain in steps.

A

1. Turn the collar to close the air hole.
2. Turn on the gas tap.
3. Immediately after the gas tap has been turned on, light on the Bunsen burner using the lighter or striker.
4. Open the air holes if you want a non-luminous flame.

41
Q

Explain the characteristics of a luminous flame.

A

A luminous flame is bright yellow in colour, and produces a lot of soot (aka carbon). The unsteady flame is obtained when the air-holes are closed.

42
Q

Explain the characteristics of a non-luminous flame.

A

A non-luminous flame is a blue, steady flame that does not produce soot. **The flame is much hotter than that of a luminous flame and can be obtained by opening the air holes.

43
Q

A test tube is exposed to a luminous flame. Describe the appearance of the test tube.

A

The bottom of the tube is black on the outside.

44
Q

What causes soot or carbon to form?

A

Soot forms due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel gas.

45
Q

**rmbr keywords:
- burn injury
-strike back
- combustion

A

okays

46
Q
A
47
Q

Some errors are unpredictable. How do such errors occur?

A

Unpredictable errors are caused by sources that may not be immediately obvious such as unpredictable environmental errors and human reaction time (in operating a stopwatch)

48
Q

What is evaluation?

A

Evaluation is the providing of reasoning based on evidence.

49
Q

Some values and attitudes scientists should exhibit?

A

Perseverance, curiosity, integrity, objectivity, creativity, open-mindedness, and responsibility.

50
Q

What should be carried out first before formulating a hypothesis?

A

Gathering relevant information?

51
Q

What steps should be taken when heating a test tube?

A

Use a test tube holder to hold the test tube, and point the mouth of the test tube away from others. Wear safety goggles.

52
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

the changed variable of an experiment.

53
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

the measured variable of the experiment.

54
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

the constant variable(s) of the experiment.

Sec 1 (18 decks)

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