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Sec 1 > S1 SCI CHAP 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES > Flashcards

S1 SCI CHAP 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Flashcards

1
Q

What are physical properties of a material?

A

Physical properties of a material are qualities that can be observed and measured without changing its composition e.g. its colour, transparency, and texture. The physical properties of one material are different from that of another.

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2
Q

Name all the physical properties of matter.

A

Flexibility, Hardness, Strength, Melting point, Boiling point, Electrical conductivity, Thermal conductivity

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3
Q

Define flexibility with an example.

A

The flexibility of a material is its ability to:’
- Bend without breaking
- Return to its original size and shape after bending

e.g. rubber band.

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4
Q

Define hardness with an example.

A

The hardness of a material is its resistance to wear and tear, and scratches. A material can cut or scratch another material that is less hard than itself but not a material that is harder.

e.g. steel, ceramic.

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5
Q

Define strength with an example.

A

The strength of a material is its ability to support a heavy load without changing its shape permanently.

e.g. spiderweb and chair.

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6
Q

Define melting point.

A

The melting point of a material is the temperature at which it changes in state from a solid to a liquid.

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7
Q

Define boiling point.

A

The boiling point of a material is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a gas.

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8
Q

Define electrical conductivity with examples.

A

Electrical conductivity is the measure of How easily an electric current flows through it. Materials that allow electric charges to pass through them easily are called electrical conductors. Materials that do not allow electric charges to pass through them easily are called poor electrical conductors.

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9
Q

Define thermal conductivity with examples.

A

Thermal conductivity is the measure of how easily thermal transfer by heating occurs in the medium. A material that conducts heat is called a thermal conductor. Materials that do not allow heat to conduct through them easily are called poor thermal conductors. All metals are good thermal conductors, wood and plastics are examples of poor thermal conductors.

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10
Q

NOTE: NEVER USE INSULATOR. ALWAYS USE THE TERM POOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR

A

okayss

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11
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol for Length

A

metre, m

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12
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol for Mass

A

kilogram, kg

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13
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol for Temperature

A

kelvin, K

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14
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol for Time

A

second, s

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15
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol for volume?

A

cubic metre, m3

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16
Q

What are prefixes?

A

Prefixes are multiples or decimals of ten.

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17
Q

Convert 0.05m to nanometer.

A

50 000 000nm

18
Q

convert 6.85hm to metre.

A

0.00000685m

19
Q

what is mass?

A

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter (or substance) in a body.
Instruments used to measure mass:
- Beam balance
- Beam balance type 2
- electronic balance
NOTE: WEIGHING SCALE MEASURES WEIGHT

20
Q

what is length?

A

Length is the distance between two specified points.
Instruments used to measure length:
- Metre rule
- A metre rule is used to measure lengths of up to 1m.
- The smallest division on the metre rule is 0.01m (or 0.1cm)
- Measuring tape
- A measuring tape is used to measure lengths that are greater than 1m or lengths that are curved.
- Digital calipers
- Digital calipers are used to measure short lengths and diameters of objects of up to 10cm. A D.C. can read to the smallest 0.1mm. hence vernier calipers give a more precise measurement than a metre rule.

NOTE: ALL D.C. READINGS ARE TO BE ROUNDED OFF TO THE NEAREST 0.1MM

- Micrometer screw gauge
- It can measure lengths such as the thickness of a coin. Its precision is 0.00001m or 0.001cm.

21
Q

What is volume?

A

Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.
Instruments used to measure vol. of liquids:
- measuring cylinder
Instruments used to measure vol. of regular solids:
- by formulae involving measurements of different lengths.
- e.g. cylinder= πr²h, sphere= ⁴⁄₃πr³
Instruments used to measure vol. of irregular/regular obj:
- by the volume displacement method
- When an object is fully submerged in a liquid, it displaces an amount of liquid equal to its volume.
steps:
1. Fill a measuring cylinder with water. Record the initial reading on the m.c.
2. Fully submerge the object in the water. Record the final reading on the measuring cylinder.
3. The diff between the two values is the volume of the object.

22
Q

What is density?

A

Density is the amount of mass packed into a given space. The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The higher the density, the more compact the substance is.

How to find the D of an obj:
D=ᵐ⁄ᵥ (d-density, m-mass,v-volume)

NOTE: If M remains the same while V increases, the density decreases. If V remains the same while M increases, the density increases.

23
Q

Given that a box has a mass of 200 000g and a volume of 0.04m³, find its density:

a) In kg/m³
b) In g/cm³

A

a) 5000 kg/m³
b) 5.00 g/cm³

24
Q

A deflated balloon connected to a tube that is secured to the mouth of the balloon is submerged at the bottom of the container of water as shown. The experiment demonstrates how a fish is able to float or sink in water. Fishes have a special organ known as a swim bladder. This is a thin-walled sac located inside the body of a fish that is usually filled with gas. Explain what changes take place in the swim bladder of the fish to allow it to float or sink in water.

A

To float, teh swim bladder must be filled with air to allow an increase in its volume. With the mass unchanged and the volume increased, the density of the fish is now much smaller than that of the water. When the air leaves the swim bladder, its volume is reduced. With the mass unchanged and the volume decreased, the density of the fish is increased and is greater than the density of the surrounding water causing the fish to swim or float in the water.

25
Q

Can the purity of a substance be determined by its density?

A

Yes. The densities of pure substances are fixed.

26
Q

How do different densities affect objects sinking or floating?

A

When an object is placed in a medium, it will sink if it is denser than the medium. If the object is less dense than the medium, it will float. Hence, it is density (not weight) that determines whether an object sinks or floats.

27
Q

What are composites?

A

Composites are mixtures of different materials.

28
Q

The following LO may be used in context in assessments:

- Communicate your findings in classification and justify your reasons.

A

ok

29
Q

The following LO may be used in context in assessments:

- Show an awareness of the importance of making informed choices of the appropriate and sustainable use of materials for household products (e.g. fibre, glass, metals) based on their physical properties (e.g. demo curiosity abt the physical properties of things commonly encountered in daily life).

A

ok

30
Q

The following LO may be used in context in assessments:

- Show an appreciation of how reducing the use of non-sustainable materials by using alternative materials with similar properties helps to minimise environmental impact.

A

ok

31
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol G?

A

giga-, x1 000 000 000

32
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol M?

A

mega-, x1 000 000

33
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol k?

A

kilo-, x1 000

34
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol d?

A

deci-, ÷10

35
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol c?

A

centi-, ÷100

36
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol m?

A

milli-, ÷1 000

37
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol µ?

A

micro-, ÷1 000 000

38
Q

What is the prefix and meaning of the symbol n?

A

nano-, ÷1 000 000 000

39
Q

Name instruments used to measure time..

A

clock, precision- 1s
digital stopwatch, precision- 0.01s

40
Q

What instruments are used to measure temperature?

A

thermometer, data logger.

41
Q

What is the temp conversion for K from C?

A

K= C + 273

Sec 1 (18 decks)

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